Herein, provided are new classes of nitrogen enriched graphitic-like carbon-based materials porous nanosheets doped atomically with one or more metal atoms and/or non-metal traces, for example, binary Pt and Cu denoted as (Pt—Cu-gCN-Ns), and methods of making and using the materials, for example, in capacitive seawater desalination under ambient reaction conditions and parameters.

In some aspects and embodiments, the present application provides a wide range of porous 1-D polymeric graphitic carbon-nitride materials that are atomically doped with binary metals in different morphologies. In some embodiments, the graphitic carbon-nitride materials can be prepared with high mass production from inexpensive and natural abundant precursors. In some embodiments, the materials were used successfully for the oxidation of CO to CO.sub.2 under ambient reaction temperature in addition to the reduction of CO.sub.2 into hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the materials can be used for practical and large-scale gas conversion for household or industrial applications.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon nitride (CN) electrode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a precursor film: immersing a clean conductive substrate A into a hot saturated CN precursor aqueous solution, then immediately taking out, after the surface being dried, a uniform precursor film layer on the conductive substrate A was formed. This step can be repeated several times to get different layers of precursor film on the substrate A; (2) preparing the CN electrode: the dry precursor film obtained in step (1) was encapsulated in a glass tube filled with N.sub.2. Then the glass tube was inserted into a furnace with N.sub.2 atmosphere to calcinate. After calcination, the uniform CN film electrode was obtained. The method provided by the invention is simple and easy to implement, and convenient in used equipment, suitable for industrial application and popularization.

Disclosed are compositions, processes, and methods directed to mesoporous carbon nitride materials having high nitrogen content. The mesoporous carbon nitride material has a three dimensional C.sub.3N.sub.5 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole based mesoporous carbon nitride matrix having an atomic nitrogen to carbon ratio of 1.4 to 1.7, and a band gap of 1.8 to 3 eV.

Carbon nitride materials and method of making said carbon nitride materials is described. The carbon nitride materials can be a three dimensional C.sub.3N.sub.5 3-amino-1,2,4,-triazole and urea based mesoporous carbon nitride matrix having an atomic carbon to nitrogen ratio of 0.55 to 0.8 and basic nitrogen containing groups of between 0.15 to 0.25 mmol per gram.

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a nitrogen-carbon aggregate having a hierarchical pore structure, a nitrogen-carbon aggregate manufactured therefrom, and a sodium ion battery including the same. The technical gist of the present invention includes a method of manufacturing a nitrogen-carbon aggregate having a hierarchical pore structure, a nitrogen-carbon aggregate manufactured therefrom, and a sodium ion battery including the same. The method includes a first step of manufacturing a precursor solution including a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor, a second step of disposing a pair of metal wires in the precursor solution, and a third step of applying electric power to the metal wires to discharge a plasma, so that nitrogen is bonded to carbon of the carbon precursor, thus forming nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles of a turbostratic structure including micropores in the surface thereof and then forming an aggregate having a meso-macro hierarchical pore structure due to agglomeration of the carbon nanoparticles. The number of active sites in the aggregate is increased due to nitrogen doping.

Herein, provided are new classes of nitrogen enriched graphitic-like carbon-based materials porous nanosheets doped atomically with one or more metal atoms and/or non-metal traces, for example, binary Pt and Cu denoted as (Pt—Cu-gCN-Ns), and methods of making and using the materials, for example, in capacitive seawater desalination under ambient reaction conditions and parameters.

Certain embodiments of the invention are directed to nitrogen rich three dimensional C.sub.3N.sub.4+ mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (gMCN) material formed from diaminoguanidine precursors, the gMCN having a spherical morphology and an average monomodal pore diameter between 6.5 to 9.5 nm.

In some aspects and embodiments, the present application provides a wide range of porous 1-D polymeric graphitic carbon-nitride materials that are atomically doped with binary metals in different morphologies. In some embodiments, the graphitic carbon-nitride materials can be prepared with high mass production from inexpensive and natural abundant precursors. In some embodiments, the materials were used successfully for the oxidation of CO to CO.sub.2 under ambient reaction temperature in addition to the reduction of CO.sub.2 into hydrocarbons. In some embodiments, the materials can be used for practical and large-scale gas conversion for household or industrial applications.

The present invention discloses composite with high energy storage capacity in energy storage devices comprising graphene, mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mc@g-C.sub.3N.sub.4) and to the process for preparation thereof. The present invention further discloses electrodes employing the said compositie and fabrication of high energy high power storage devices such as the Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) with these electrodes.