An improved hydrogen generation system comprising a multi-port wave reformer in which shock and expansion waves are created in a manner causing head-on colliding shock waves and multi-stage compression where reacting gases within a eight port wave reformer are heated and compressed to thermally crack or decompose one or more fuel sources, such as hydrocarbon fuels, to generate a fuel product containing hydrogen.

A combustion control apparatus of an Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) reforming system and a method for controlling the same may include a burner provided to supply heat to a reformer, a flame temperature analyzer configured to analyze a flame temperature of the burner, an air flow rate calculator configured to determine an initial value of a flow rate of air to be supplied to the burner depending on a flow rate of fuel gas supplied to the burner, and an air flow rate controller electrically connected to the air flow rate calculator and the flame temperature analyzer and configured to select the flow rate of the air at which the flame temperature transmitted by the flame temperature analyzer reaches a maximum while changing the flow rate of the air from the initial value and to control supply of the selected flow rate of the air to the burner.

Producing hydrogen and carbon from hydrocarbons in a single-step process is described. A feedstock including natural gas or other light (e.g., <C5) hydrocarbons is introduced to a plasma reformer. The plasma reformer typically includes a non-thermal plasma. The plasma separates hydrogen from the carbon of the feedstock, yielding H2 and carbon black. The carbon is separated from the H2, and the H2 is further used as fuel (e.g., generating electricity via fuel cell) either contemporaneously or at a later time, stored, pressurized, or dispensed to a vehicle. Excess electricity generated form the H2 is stored in a battery, and excess is either stored or pressurized. Carbon black is further condensed to reduce volume for storage or transport.

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.

The present invention concerns the production and use of feedstock streams. Specifically, the present invention provides a process for the production of a commodity using two or more feedstock streams. Each feedstock stream is processed into a common intermediate and subsequently processed into a final product, such as electrical energy, a liquid fuel or a liquefied fuel, such as methanol, dimethyl ether, synthetic gasoline, diesel, kerosene, or jet fuel. The common intermediate may be synthetic gas (syngas), producer gas or pyrolysis gas.

A portable fuel synthesizer, comprising a portable housing, an electrical power source utilizing the hydrocarbon gas as fuel and connected to the portable housing, a boiler utilizing the hydrocarbon gas as fuel and connected to the portable housing, a reactor connected to the boiler to react the hydrocarbon gas to the hydrocarbon liquid, the reactor connected to the portable housing, at least one temperature sensor connected to the reactor to sense at least one temperature of the reaction, at least one pressure sensor connected to the reactor to sense at least one pressure of the reaction and a control system controlling the at least one of at least one temperature of the reaction and the at least one pressure of the reaction, the control system connected to the portable housing.

A process for producing hydrocarbons is disclosed in which a first feed substream and a second feed substream are obtained from a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream, of which the first feed substream is converted by means of partial oxidation or autothermal reforming to a first synthesis gas stream and the second feed substream is converted by means of steam reforming to a second synthesis gas stream and subsequently combined with the first synthesis gas stream to give a third synthesis gas stream, of which at least a first portion is converted by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to a crude product stream comprising hydrocarbons of different chain lengths, from which light hydrocarbons are separated in a tail gas, in order to recycle them and use them in the partial oxidation or autothermal reforming. The characteristic feature here is that unsaturated hydrocarbons are separated from at least a portion of the tail gas.

A methanol production system of the present disclosure includes: a reformer including a reaction furnace configured to reform methane in a raw material gas to produce a reformed gas containing CO and H.sub.2; a reduced-gas generator configured to reduce CO.sub.2 to produce a reduced gas containing CO; and a methanol-containing gas generator configured to produce a methanol-containing gas which contains methanol from a reformed gas produced in the reaction furnace and a reduced gas produced in the reduced-gas generator.

A method of producing hydrogen using biomass includes: pretreating the biomass using an ionic liquid; and extracting hydrogen by reacting the pretreated biomass with an alkaline substance.

According to the present invention, organic material is converted to biogas through anaerobic digestion and the biogas is purified to yield a combustible fluid feedstock comprising methane. A fuel production facility utilizes or arranges to utilize combustible fluid feedstock to generate renewable hydrogen that is used to hydrogenate crude oil derived hydrocarbons in a process to make transportation or heating fuel. The renewable hydrogen is combined with crude oil derived hydrocarbons that have been desulfurized under conditions to hydrogenate the liquid hydrocarbon with the renewable hydrogen or alternatively, the renewable hydrogen can be added to a reactor operated so as to simultaneously desulfurize and hydrogenate the hydrocarbons. The present invention enables a party to receive a renewable fuel credit for the transportation or heating fuel.