A reactor system for carrying out an endothermic catalytic chemical reaction in a given temperature range upon bringing a reactant into contact with a catalyst material. The reactor system includes a reactor unit arranged to accommodate catalyst material including one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports susceptible for induction heating where the one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are ferromagnetic at temperatures up to an upper limit of the given temperature range. The one or more ferromagnetic macroscopic supports are coated with an oxide, and the oxide is impregnated with catalytically active particles. The reactor system moreover includes an induction coil arranged to be powered by a power source supplying alternating current and being positioned so as to generate an alternating magnetic field within the reactor unit upon energization by the power source, whereby the catalyst material is heated to a temperature within the temperature range by the alternating magnetic field.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A system for and method of cleaving a bond between a first atom and a second atom in a molecule of a material are presented. One embodiment of the technique includes selecting a first electromagnetic radiation frequency, the first electromagnetic radiation frequency including a product of a golden mean and a base frequency associated with at least one of the first atom and the second atom. Such an embodiment further includes directing a first electromagnetic radiation at the material, where the first electromagnetic radiation has a frequency equal to the first electromagnetic radiation frequency, and where the first electromagnetic radiation frequency is sufficient to cleave the bond between the first atom and the second atom.

A looping reaction hydrogen production system includes a reduction reaction device, a primary separation device, a hydrogen production reaction device, a secondary separation device, a primary heat transfer device and a cooling purification device. Based on looping combustion reaction mechanism, the system makes MeO/Me circularly flow between the hydrogen production reaction device and the reduction reaction device to respectively generate a reduction/oxidation chemical reaction, and to convert the conventional carbon-based solid fuel into the high-purity clean hydrogen energy. Compared with the conventional hydrogen production technology from water-gas shift reaction of syngas, the system reduces water consumption, energy consumption and environmental pollution of the hydrogen production process; converts conventional carbon-based fuel into clean hydrogen energy by use of renewable energy sources, such as solar energy; and achieves efficient capture and storage of gaseous CO.sub.2.

Disclosed herein is a method and apparatus for producing hydrogen and oxygen from water, more particularly, for decomposing water molecular bonds using resonant waves. The produced hydrogen gas may be used as a fuel, and the released oxygen gas may be used as an oxidant.

A method for chemical production includes applying electromagnetic heating to a composition that includes a catalytic component and an electromagnetic susceptor. Responsive to application of radio frequency energy, the electromagnetic susceptor causes the catalytic component to become heated. The heated electromagnetic susceptor and catalytic component interact with a chemical to form a product.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating hydrogen in a nanoporous carbon powder.

A process for producing a gaseous product comprising hydrogen, said process comprising exposing a gaseous hydrocarbon to microwave radiation in the presence of a solid catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one metal species on a support, wherein the metal species is at least one a nickel species or a cobalt species; and a solid catalyst suitable for use in said process, and wherein the support comprises at least one of a carbonate or an alkaline earth metal oxide.

Embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods for cracking hydrocarbons into hydrogen gas and carbon using heating of a fluidized bed. The systems and methods utilize electrically conductive carbon or graphite particles as a fluidized bed material for heating hydrocarbon feedstock to at least a pyrolysis temperature. The electrically conductive carbon, graphite, or other particles may be heated by electrically powered sources that include induction heating, microwave heating, millimeter wave heating, joule heating and/or plasma heating. Combustion heating may also be employed in varying amounts with varying combinations of electrically powered heating sources.

A solar thermochemical processing system is disclosed. The system includes a first unit operation for receiving concentrated solar energy. Heat from the solar energy is used to drive the first unit operation. The first unit operation also receives a first set of reactants and produces a first set of products. A second unit operation receives the first set of products from the first unit operation and produces a second set of products. A third unit operation receives heat from the second unit operation to produce a portion of the first set of reactants.