An oxygen concentration system may comprise a pressure sensor, a movement sensor, and a controller configured to use one or more pressure signals obtained from the pressure sensor and a movement signal obtained from the movement sensor to determine when to release a bolus of oxygen enriched air. In some implementations, the controller may adjust a trigger threshold based on an initial pressure signal obtained from the pressure sensor and the movement signal obtained from the movement sensor. In some implementations, the controller may adjust a pressure signal obtained from the pressure sensor based on the movement signal obtained from the movement sensor. In some implementations, the controller may detect a potential onset of inhalation from a pressure signal obtained from the pressure sensor and determine whether to verify the potential onset of inhalation based on the movement signal obtained from the movement sensor.

A closed-loop nitrogen transport system including a first transfer line configured for nitrogen pressure conveyance of a polymer fluff from at least one upstream vessel to at least one downstream vessel, a second transfer line configured to return a nitrogen gas stream comprising primarily nitrogen from the at least one downstream vessel to the at least one upstream vessel, a conveyor blower operable to provide flow throughout the closed loop, and a treatment unit operable to remove hydrocarbons from at least a portion of the nitrogen gas stream comprising primarily nitrogen, to provide a purified nitrogen stream.

Provided is a hydrogen supply system that supplies hydrogen. The hydrogen supply system includes: a dehydrogenation reaction unit that subjects a raw material including a hydride to a dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a hydrogen-containing gas; a hydrogen purification unit that removes a dehydrogenation product from the hydrogen-containing gas obtained in the dehydrogenation reaction unit to obtain a purified gas including high-purity hydrogen; and a degassing unit that removes an inorganic gas contained in the raw material on an upstream side of the dehydrogenation reaction unit in a flow of the raw material.

An apparatus/system for generating a high-purity nitrogen gas using a fuel cell includes; a fuel cell that operates by taking in air or a gas containing nitrogen and oxygen, and a fuel gas; a dehumidification mechanism that reduces moisture or water vapor content in an exhaust gas that is extracted from the fuel cell and has a lower oxygen concentration than air; and a filtering mechanism which includes a filter using fibers having different degrees of permeation for nitrogen and oxygen and converts the exhaust gas having a reduced moisture or water vapor content into a gas having an increased nitrogen concentration. The filter recovery ratio is higher when an oxygen concentration of a gas to be filtered is lower. The dehumidification mechanism is a pump unit including a water seal pump to provide an adiabatic expansion chamber in which the exhaust gas extracted from the fuel cell expands adiabatically.

An oxygen concentrator is provided with a controller for recovering an oxygen concentration to a level suitable for treatment in a short period of time by selecting an optimum purge time corresponding to the deterioration state of an adsorbent. The judgment of moisture-absorption deterioration is performed when the detected value of the oxygen concentration sensor is equal to or less than a control value of the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched gas and the detected value of the pressure sensor is equal to or more than an adsorption pressure at which the oxygen concentration increases significantly before and after the control to reduce the purge time, and control of reducing a time for the purge step shorter than a preset time is performed.

An apparatus for purifying impure hydrogen fuel is described that includes a first chamber and a second chamber. The first chamber is configured to receive impure hydrogen fuel in the form of a first mixture of gases with hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide at the first concentration while the second chamber is configured to receive a second mixture of gases with hydrogen gas at the second concentration. The apparatus also includes a solid-state electrolyte that separates the first chamber and the second chamber and includes an adsorbing catalyst. The apparatus also includes a pair of electrodes installed each in the first chamber and the second chamber to create a potential difference is created across the solid-state electrolyte.

Recovering helium from a gaseous stream includes contacting an acid gas removal membrane with a gaseous stream to yield a permeate stream and a residual stream, removing a majority of the acid gas from the residual stream to yield a first acid gas stream and a helium depleted clean gas stream, removing a majority of the acid gas from the permeate stream to yield a second acid gas stream and a helium rich stream, and removing helium from the helium rich stream to yield a helium product stream and a helium depleted stream. A helium removal system for removing helium from a gaseous stream including hydrocarbon gas, acid gas, and helium includes a first processing zone including a first acid gas removal unit, a second processing zone including a second acid gas removal unit, a third processing zone, and a helium purification unit.

The present invention concerns a sorption-enhanced water-gas shift (SEWGS) process for the formation of a CO.sub.2 product stream and an H.sub.2 product stream, comprising (a) a reaction step, wherein a feed gas comprising CO.sub.x, wherein x=1-2, and H.sub.2O is fed into a SEWGS reactor containing a catalyst and sorbent material capable of adsorbing CO.sub.2, thereby forming the H.sub.2 product stream and a sorbent material loaded with CO.sub.2; (b) a rinse step, wherein steam is fed to the SEWGS reactor, thereby establishing a pressure in the range of 5-50 bar; (c) a pre-blowdown step, wherein the pressure in the SEWGS reactor is reduced to establish a blowdown pressure in the range of 0.5-1.5 times the partial pressure of CO and CO.sub.2 in the feed gas of step (a); (d) a blowdown step, wherein the pressure in the SEWGS reactor is reduced to the regeneration pressure in the range of 1-5 bar, thereby releasing at least part of the CO.sub.2 from the loaded sorbent material, thereby forming the CO.sub.2 product stream; and (e) a purge step, wherein steam is fed to the SEWGS reactor, thereby releasing further CO.sub.2 molecules from the SEWGS reactor, wherein the off gas released from the reactor during step (c) is collected separately from the CO.sub.2 product stream released from the reactor during step (d). The separate collection of the off gas of pre-blowdown step (c) affords a highly efficient process with excellent CO.sub.2 purity and carbon capture ratio.

A carbon dioxide recovery system includes: an adsorber configured to adsorb and desorb carbon dioxide; a supply channel through which supply gas passes; a storage section configured to store carbon dioxide desorbed from the adsorber; and a gas supply section supplying carbon dioxide stored in the storage section to the adsorber. The carbon dioxide recovery system is operated in an adsorption mode, a desorption mode or in a desorption preparation mode. In the adsorption mode, the adsorber adsorbs CO.sub.2 contained in the supply gas supplied through the supply channel. In the desorption mode, the adsorber desorbs the adsorbed CO.sub.2, and the storage section stores CO.sub.2 desorbed from the adsorber. In the desorption preparation mode, the gas supply section supplies CO.sub.2 stored in the storage section to the adsorber during a time from an end of the adsorption mode to a start of the desorption mode.

Continuous thermolysis of carbonaceous matter in a controlled temperature and steam environment to produce a low volatility char, with subsequent steam activation of the char under pressure producing activated carbon and pressurized syn-gas, all of which are carried out in a reactor system including one or more vessels. The syn-gas is enriched in hydrogen in a high temperature shift reactor and separated in a pressurized swing adsorber to provide a pressurized pure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure combustible tail gas. The tail gas and the volatiles from the thermolysis step are combusted to provide process steam and electric power. The electric power is used to supplement the thermal requirements of the process with the balance being exported.