An apparatus for generating hydrogen from solid carbonaceous feed stock for production of electricity, chemicals, or fuels using all-steam gasification includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer and an indirect all-steam gasifier generating syngas. A syngas cooler is configured to at least partial quench the syngas and can to produce steam. A syngas clean up system removes ash and residual carbon, a carbon-capture system includes a water gas shift system and CO.sub.2 removal system. A pressure swing absorber (PSA) generating tailgas. An oxygen-fueled burner receives tailgas from the PSA and provides heat to a sorbent enhanced reformer (SER) battery limit system. A hydrogen cooler receives tailgas from the PSA that provides heat to the SER battery limit system. A CO.sub.2 cooler receives tailgas from the PSA that providing heat to the sorbent enhanced reformer battery limit system.

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.

A method for producing hydrogen in a steam methane reformer with reduced carbon emissions that can include the steps of: heating a feed stream comprising methane in a first heat exchanger to produce a heated feed stream, wherein the heated feed stream is at a temperature above 500° C.; introducing the heated feed stream into a reaction zone under conditions effective for catalytic conversion of the heated feed stream to produce a reformed stream, wherein the reformed stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and unreacted methane; introducing the reformed stream in the presence of steam to a shift conversion unit that is configured to produce a shifted gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and purifying the shifted gas stream to produce a hydrogen product stream and a tail gas; wherein the conditions effective for catalytic conversion of the heated feed stream comprise providing heat to the reaction zone via combustion of a fuel and a hydrogen fuel stream in presence of an oxidizer, wherein the fuel comprises ammonia, wherein a flue gas is produced by the combustion of the fuel and the hydrogen fuel stream.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

A furnace for gas fields, refineries reforming, petrochemical plants, or hydrogen generation by gasification may include: a radiant zone; a convective zone; and a first and second series of pipes through which at least two segregated process gas flows respectively pass. A first process gas flow may enter the furnace through the convective zone and, flowing through the first series of pipes, may leave the furnace through the radiant zone, or alternatively the first process gas flow may enter the furnace through the radiant zone and, flowing through the first series of pipes, may leave the furnace through the radiant zone. At least a second process gas flow may enter the furnace through the convective zone, may pass through the second series of pipes, and may leave the furnace through the convective zone. The second of series of pipes may be made of material resistant to acid gases.

Novel methods for pretreating a rare-gas-containing stream exiting an etch chamber followed by recovering the rare gas from the pre-treated, rare-gas containing stream are disclosed. More particularly, the invention relates to the pretreatment and recovery of a rare gas, such as xenon or krypton, from a nitrogen-based exhaust stream with specific gaseous impurities generated during an etch process that is performed as part of a semiconductor fabrication process.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine that comprises a first Brayton cycle comprising a mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membrane that separates the O.sub.2 from the air such that the suctioned air current is free from N.sub.2; a second Brayton cycle combined in a binary manner with the first Brayton cycle and nested with a cycle selected from an Otto cycle and a diesel cycle performed by means of oxy-combustion. The second Brayton cycle transmits mechanical energy and thermal energy from exhaust gases to the first Brayton cycle. The first Brayton cycle provides to the second Brayton cycle compressed O.sub.2 from the MIEC membrane. By means of the present engine, the NOx emission into the atmosphere is prevented by the separation of N.sub.2 in the MIEC membrane.

Systems and methods for eliminating carbon dioxide and capturing solid carbon are disclosed. By eliminating carbon dioxide gas, e.g., from an effluent exhaust stream of a fossil fuel fired electric power production facility, the inventive concepts presented herein represent an environmentally-clean solution that permanently eliminates greenhouse gases while at the same time producing captured solid carbon products that are useful in various applications including advanced composite material synthesis (e.g., carbon fiber, 3D graphene) and energy storage (e.g., battery technology). Capture of solid carbon during the disclosed process for eliminating greenhouse gasses avoids the inefficiencies and risks associated with conventional carbon dioxide sequestration. Colocation of the disclosed reactor with a fossil fuel fired power production facility brings to bear an environmentally beneficial, and financially viable approach for permanently capturing vast amounts of solid carbon from carbon dioxide gas and other greenhouse gases that would otherwise be released into Earth's biosphere.

The present disclosure is directed to a method for making a MER framework type zeolite, a MER framework type zeolite having a stick-like morphology, and processes for the selective separation of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) from multi-component feedstreams containing CO.sub.2 using the zeolite.

Novel methods for pretreating a rare-gas-containing stream exiting an etch chamber followed by recovering the rare gas from the pre-treated, rare-gas containing stream are disclosed. More particularly, the invention relates to the pretreatment and recovery of a rare gas, such as xenon or krypton, from a nitrogen-based exhaust stream with specific gaseous impurities generated during an etch process that is performed as part of a semiconductor fabrication process.