Provided herein are compositions and methods for quantifying polyphosphates. In particular, provided herein are solution and substrate based assays for quantifying polyphosphates in complex samples.

Provided herein are compositions and methods for quantifying polyphosphates. In particular, provided herein are solution and substrate based assays for quantifying polyphosphates in complex samples.

Polyphosphate compositions are produced by a process that includes the steps of continuously introducing a phosphate compound into a polymerization vessel, polymerizing the phosphate compound at a temperature of 250-450? C. for a time period sufficient to form the polyphosphate composition, and continuously discharging the polyphosphate composition from the polymerization vessel. The phosphate compound can be fed to the polymerization vessel in the form of an aqueous slurry containing 5-50 wt. % of the phosphate compound. Resulting polyphosphate compositions often contain at least 8 wt. % of a polyphosphate and less than 35 wt. % of the phosphate compound.

A method for preparation of graft modified ammonium polyphosphate with ultra-low hydroplaning and resistance to hydrolysis belongs to the field of the preparation of flame retardant. Ammonia water is used as hydrolytic agent of amino silane. In the early stage of synthesis of ammonium polyphosphate with phosphorus pentoxide, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and melamine as raw materials, hydrolyzed amino silane ammonia mixture is added, and continues warming reaction, when the temperature drops to a certain temperature, melamine is added to maintain high temperature reaction for a certain period of time, then cools to obtain graft modified ammonium polyphosphate with ultra-low hydroplaning and resistance to hydrolysis. The present disclosure grafts ammonium polyphosphate with two kinds of amino grafting in stages, and the modified ammonium polyphosphate products after grafted basically have no hydroplaning when meets water. Because of addition of excessive melamine in late stage, the excessive melamine is not only used for graft modified ammonium polyphosphate, but also used for reacting with acidic ammonium polyphosphate whose polymerization is incomplete, making it form polyphosphate melamine, eliminate the formation of water-soluble small molecules, and reduce water solubility of the products to a greater extent.

A source of phosphate for agriculture and food industry comprises a phosphate salt in solid form of formula M.sub.n(HPO4)y.zH2O in which M is Na, K, NH4, n=2, and y=1; or M is Ca, n=1, y=1; or M is Al or Fe, n=2, y=3; and in which z is 0, 1 or 2, wherein said phosphate salt has a phosphate content expressed as a P2O5 content of between 30 and 50% by weight of the phosphate salt, and it has a cadmium content lower than 0.40 ppm.

A source of phosphate for agriculture and food industry comprises a phosphate salt in solid form of formula M.sub.n(HPO4)y.zH2O in which M is Na, K, NH4, n=2, and y=1; or M is Ca, n=1, y=1; or M is Al or Fe, n=2, y=3; and in which z is 0, 1 or 2, wherein said phosphate salt has a phosphate content expressed as a P2O5 content of between 30 and 50% by weight of the phosphate salt, and it has a cadmium content lower than 0.40 ppm.

An anticorrosive pigment comprising an aluminum polyphosphate comprises at least one cerium-based compound and/or one lanthanum-based compound and/or one praseodymium-based compound. An anticorrosive paint incorporating the pigment is also provided.

An anticorrosive pigment comprising an aluminum polyphosphate comprises at least one cerium-based compound and/or one lanthanum-based compound and/or one praseodymium-based compound. An anticorrosive paint incorporating the pigment is also provided.

Provided are a lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide carrying an organic phosphate with a high capacity and a high cycle characteristic when used as a positive electrode active material of a secondary battery, a method for producing the same, and also a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide as a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein an organic phosphite compound or an organic phosphate compound having an organic functional group composed of an alkyl group, an aryl group, and the like adheres to a part or the entire of a particle surface of the lithium-manganese-nickel composite oxide represented by general formula: Li.sub.tMn.sub.2-x-yNi.sub.xM.sub.yO.sub.4 (wherein 0.96<t1.25, 0.40x0.60, 0y0.20, and M represents at least one element selected from Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn).

A material, especially a glassy material of pyrophosphate type, corresponding to the general formula (I): {[(M.sup.2+).sub.1x(R.sup.+).sub.2x].sub.2[(P.sub.2O.sub.7.sup.4).sub.1y(PO.sub.4.sup.3).sub.4y/3]} n(H.sub.2O) in which x and y are positive rational numbers each between 0 and 0.8, and n is such that the weight percentage of water in the material is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 95. M.sup.2+ represents a bivalent ion of a metal chosen from calcium, magnesium, strontium, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese and nickel, or any mixture of such bivalent ions. R.sup.+ represents a monovalent ion of a metal selected from potassium, lithium, sodium, and silver, or any mixture of such monovalent ions. This material in particular can be used in manufacturing of bone replacements or prosthesis coatings.