A process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the raw synthesis gas from the gasification zone and supplying at least part of the recovered raw synthesis gas to a partial oxidation zone; equilibrating the H.sub.2:CO ratio of the raw synthesis gas in the partial oxidation zone to obtain equilibrated synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the equilibrated synthesis gas from the partial oxidation zone and treating the gas to remove impurities and generate a fine synthesis gas; and converting the optionally adjusted fine synthesis gas into the useful product in a further chemical reaction requiring a usage ratio.

A process for the manufacture of a useful product from carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics, comprising the steps of: continuously providing the carbonaceous feedstock of fluctuating compositional characteristics to a gasification zone; gasifying the carbonaceous feedstock in the gasification zone to obtain raw synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the raw synthesis gas from the gasification zone and supplying at least part of the recovered raw synthesis gas to a partial oxidation zone; equilibrating the H.sub.2:CO ratio of the raw synthesis gas in the partial oxidation zone to obtain equilibrated synthesis gas; recovering at least part of the equilibrated synthesis gas from the partial oxidation zone and treating the gas to remove impurities and generate a fine synthesis gas; and converting the optionally adjusted fine synthesis gas into the useful product in a further chemical reaction requiring a usage ratio.

The invention relates to a process for the combined production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon mixture, in which the residual gas of a PSA H.sub.2 (12) is separated by permeation in order to reduce the hydrocarbon content thereof and the hydrocarbon-purified gas is separated at a low temperature to produce a carbon dioxide-rich liquid (22).

The present invention discloses a device and method for generating high-purity hydrogen by biomass pyrolysis-chemical looping combustion. The device comprises a biomass pyrolysis unit, a chemical looping hydrogen generation unit and a waste heat recovery unit; the biomass pyrolysis unit comprises a vertical bin, a screw feeder, a rotary kiln pyrolysis reactor and a high temperature filter; the chemical looping hydrogen generation unit comprises a path switching system of intake gas end, at least one packed bed reactor and a path switching system of tail gas end, wherein the packed bed reactor is composed of three parallel packed bed reactors I, II and III, which are continuously subjected to fuel reduction-steam oxidation-air combustion stages (steam purging stage) successively; the waste heat recovery unit comprises a waste heat boiler, a cooler and a gas-liquid separator. According to the present invention, a process flow of generating hydrogen from biomass is short, high-purity hydrogen can be obtained by simple condensation and water removal of a hydrogen-containing product that is generated after entrance of a pyrolysis gas into the chemical looping hydrogen generation unit, no complex gas purification device is employed, and the costs for hydrogen generation are low.

Provided herein is a gas mixer for the safe mixing of a hydrocarbon containing gas with a gaseous oxidant. The gas mixer and method for mixing described includes a closed mixing vessel where bubbles of gas injected at the bottom of the vessel are mixed during their rise to the top of the vessel, forming a homogeneous mixture that can safely be removed. This simple design and method allows for safe mixing of gases and is applicable to catalytic oxidative processes such as oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins where there is a risk of thermal runaway of reactions.

Provided herein is a gas mixer for the safe mixing of a hydrocarbon containing gas with a gaseous oxidant. The gas mixer and method for mixing described includes a closed mixing vessel where bubbles of gas injected at the bottom of the vessel are mixed during their rise to the top of the vessel, forming a homogeneous mixture that can safely be removed. This simple design and method allows for safe mixing of gases and is applicable to catalytic oxidative processes such as oxidative dehydrogenation of paraffins where there is a risk of thermal runaway of reactions.

A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, is provided, which has a syngas stage for syngas generation and a synthesis stage where the syngas is synthesized to produce syngas derived product, such as hydrocarbon product. The plant makes effective use of various streams; in particular CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The plant does not comprise an external feed of hydrocarbons. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream is also provided.

A plant, such as a hydrocarbon plant, is provided, which has a syngas stage for syngas generation and a synthesis stage where the syngas is synthesized to produce syngas derived product, such as hydrocarbon product. The plant makes effective use of various streams; in particular CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The plant does not comprise an external feed of hydrocarbons. A method for producing a product stream, such as a hydrocarbon product stream is also provided.

A method for producing a refractory lining in a combustion chamber operating in a reducing atmosphere. The lining includes at least one or more Zirconia (Zr)-based refractory lining members comprising one or more Zr-based parts. The Zr-based parts comprise at least 90 wt. %, preferably at least 95 wt. %, of monoclinic ZrO.sub.2 and/or partially stabilized ZrO.sub.2 and/or fully stabilized ZrO.sub.2, wherein the total content of tetragonal and cubic ZrO.sub.2 amounts to at least 20 wt. %, preferably more than 35 wt. %, as well as Zr based refractory lining members and methods for manufacturing the Zr based refractory lining members.

A method for producing a refractory lining in a combustion chamber operating in a reducing atmosphere. The lining includes at least one or more Zirconia (Zr)-based refractory lining members comprising one or more Zr-based parts. The Zr-based parts comprise at least 90 wt. %, preferably at least 95 wt. %, of monoclinic ZrO.sub.2 and/or partially stabilized ZrO.sub.2 and/or fully stabilized ZrO.sub.2, wherein the total content of tetragonal and cubic ZrO.sub.2 amounts to at least 20 wt. %, preferably more than 35 wt. %, as well as Zr based refractory lining members and methods for manufacturing the Zr based refractory lining members.