A system and method for co-producing ultra-high purity oxygen and ultra-high purity hydrogen from a water electrolysis unit is provided. The presently disclosed system and method includes upgrading the crude oxygen stream coming from the water electrolysis unit by means of a small, stand-alone cryogenic distillation system wherein the refrigeration for such cryogenic distillation system is supplied by a nitrogen recycle refrigeration loop.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

A cooler installed to cool NG supplied from a compressor to a pyrolysis reactor and configured to independently use multiple refrigerants is provided; a first refrigerant supply device provided to supply a first refrigerant for the cooler; and a second refrigerant supply device configured to supply, to the cooler, a fuel gas for a burner, including an off-gas and NG which has not passed through the compressor, as a second refrigerant for the cooler.

A furnace for gas fields, refineries reforming, petrochemical plants, or hydrogen generation by gasification may include: a radiant zone; a convective zone; and a first and second series of pipes through which at least two segregated process gas flows respectively pass. A first process gas flow may enter the furnace through the convective zone and, flowing through the first series of pipes, may leave the furnace through the radiant zone, or alternatively the first process gas flow may enter the furnace through the radiant zone and, flowing through the first series of pipes, may leave the furnace through the radiant zone. At least a second process gas flow may enter the furnace through the convective zone, may pass through the second series of pipes, and may leave the furnace through the convective zone. The second of series of pipes may be made of material resistant to acid gases.

An H.sub.2-rich fuel gas stream can be advantageously produced by reforming a hydrocarbon/steam mixture in to produce a reformed stream, followed by cooling the reformed stream in a waste-heat recovery unit to produce a high-pressure steam stream, shifting the cooled reformed stream a first shifted stream, cooling the first shifted stream, shifting the cooled first shifted stream to produce a second shifted stream, cooling the second shifted stream, abating water from the cooled second shifted stream to obtain a crude gas mixture stream comprising H.sub.2 and CO.sub.2, and recovering a CO.sub.2 stream from the crude gas mixture stream. The H.sub.2-rich stream can be advantageously combusted to provide thermal energy needed for residential, office, and/or industrial applications including in the H.sub.2-rich fuel gas production process. The H.sub.2-rich fuel gas production process can be advantageously integrated with an olefins production plant comprising a steam cracker.

Provided are a hydrogen purification device and a hydrogen purification method whereby hydrogen having a high purity can be purified at a high yield from a starting gas. The hydrogen purification device comprises: a starting gas source that supplies a starting gas, said starting gas containing hydrogen molecules and/or a hydride, to a discharge space; a plasma reactor that defines at least a part of the discharge space; a hydrogen flow channel that is connected to the discharge space; and leads out purified hydrogen from the starting gas source; a hydrogen separation membrane that partitions the discharge space from the hydrogen flow channel defines at least a part of the discharge space by one surface thereof and defines at least a part of the hydrogen flow channel by the other surface thereof; an electrode that is positioned outside the discharge space; and an adsorbent that is filled in the discharge space and adsorbs the starting gas. In the hydrogen purification method according to the present invention, the starting gas is adsorbed by the adsorbent in the discharge space. Hydrogen molecules, which have been desorbed from the adsorbent by discharge, are allowed to penetrate through the hydrogen separation membrane 4 and led out into the hydrogen flow channel.

A process for the co-production of low carbon methanol and ammonia, including providing renewable power to an electrolysis unit, thereby producing at least a green oxygen stream and a green hydrogen stream. Providing renewable power to a nitrogen generation unit, thereby producing a green nitrogen stream. Providing a hydrocarbon stream and some amount of steam to an oxygen based reformer, along with at least part of the green oxygen stream, thereby producing a raw syngas stream. Combining the green hydrogen stream with the oxygen-based reformer feed to adjust the composition of the raw syngas stream to be suitable for methanol synthesis. Introducing the raw syngas stream into either a conventional or once-through methanol synthesis reactor, thereby producing at least a low carbon methanol product (after purification) and an unreacted syngas stream.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for hydrogen production as well as apparatuses useful in such systems and methods. Hydrogen is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon in a gas heated reformer that is heated using one or more streams comprising combustion products of a fuel in an oxidant, preferably in the presence of a carbon dioxide circulating stream.

A bio-renewable conversion process for making fuel from bio-renewable feedstocks is combined with a hydrogen production process that includes recovery of CO.sub.2. The integrated process uses a purge gas stream comprising hydrogen from the bio-renewable hydrocarbon production process in the hydrogen production process.

Methods for producing hydrogen from ammonia are described. The methods involve the use of a two-stage hydrogen PSA configuration. The effluent stream from the ammonia cracking reaction zone is sent to the first hydrogen PSA unit where it is separated into a high purity, high-pressure hydrogen stream and a low-pressure tail gas stream. The high-pressure hydrogen stream can be recovered. The low-pressure tail gas stream is compressed and sent to the second hydrogen PSA unit where it is separated into a second high-pressure stream and a second low-pressure tail gas stream. The second high-pressure hydrogen stream can be recycled to the first hydrogen PSA unit for further separation.