Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for preparing carbon materials which can be used in battery electrodes. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for preparing nano-ordered carbon products used as anode materials in metal-ion batteries, such as a sodium-ion battery. In one or more embodiments, a method for preparing a nano-ordered carbon is provided and includes exposing a liquid refinery hydrocarbon product to a first functionalization agent to produce a first solid functionalized product during a first functionalization process and purifying the first solid functionalized product during a purification process. The method also includes exposing the first solid functionalized product to a second functionalization agent to produce a second solid functionalized product during a second functionalization process and carbonizing the second solid functionalized product to produce a solid nano-ordered carbon product during a carbonization process.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for preparing carbon materials which can be used in battery electrodes. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for preparing nano-ordered carbon products used as anode materials in metal-ion batteries, such as a sodium-ion battery. In one or more embodiments, a method for preparing a nano-ordered carbon is provided and includes exposing a liquid refinery hydrocarbon product to a first functionalization agent to produce a first solid functionalized product during a first functionalization process and purifying the first solid functionalized product during a purification process. The method also includes exposing the first solid functionalized product to a second functionalization agent to produce a second solid functionalized product during a second functionalization process and carbonizing the second solid functionalized product to produce a solid nano-ordered carbon product during a carbonization process.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon materials for battery electrodes and methods for preparing such carbon materials. More specifically, embodiments relate to coated nano-ordered carbon particles and methods for coating a carbon film onto carbonaceous particles to produce the coated nano-ordered carbon particles which can be used as an anode material within a rechargeable battery, such as a sodium-ion battery, other types of batteries. In one or more embodiments, a method for producing coated nano-ordered carbon particles is provided and includes exposing a carbon-containing material to an expanding agent to produce expanded carbonaceous particles during an expanding process, heating the expanded carbonaceous particles during an annealing process, and depositing a carbon film on the nano-ordered carbon particles to produce coated nano-ordered carbon particles during a carbon coating process.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon materials for battery electrodes and methods for preparing such carbon materials. More specifically, embodiments relate to coated nano-ordered carbon particles and methods for coating a carbon film onto carbonaceous particles to produce the coated nano-ordered carbon particles which can be used as an anode material within a rechargeable battery, such as a sodium-ion battery, other types of batteries. In one or more embodiments, a method for producing coated nano-ordered carbon particles is provided and includes exposing a carbon-containing material to an expanding agent to produce expanded carbonaceous particles during an expanding process, heating the expanded carbonaceous particles during an annealing process, and depositing a carbon film on the nano-ordered carbon particles to produce coated nano-ordered carbon particles during a carbon coating process.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for preparing carbon materials which can be used in battery electrodes. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for preparing nano-ordered carbon products used as anode materials in metal-ion batteries, such as a lithium-ion battery. In one or more embodiments, a method includes exposing a liquid refinery hydrocarbon product to a first functionalization agent to produce a first solid functionalized product during a first functionalization process and exposing the first solid functionalized product to a second functionalization agent to produce a second solid functionalized product during a second functionalization process. Each of the first and second functionalization agents independently contains an element selected from oxygen, sulfur, phosphorous, nitrogen, or any combination thereof. The method also includes carbonizing the second solid functionalized product at a temperature of about 1,000° C. to about 1,400° C. to produce a solid nano-ordered carbon product during a carbonization process.

A method for producing cellulose nanofiber carbon includes a freezing step of freezing a solution or gel containing cellulose nanofibers to obtain a frozen product, a drying step of drying the frozen product in a vacuum to obtain a dried product, and a carbonizing step of heating and carbonizing the dried product in an atmosphere in which the dried product does not burn to obtain cellulose nanofiber carbon, in which, in the carbonizing step, the dried product is heated together with a sacrificial agent that is carbonized before the dried product is carbonized to generate a reducing gas.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon materials for battery electrodes and methods for preparing such carbon materials. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for coating a carbon film onto nano-ordered carbon particles to produce carbon-coated particles which can be used as an anode material within a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, other types of batteries. In one or more embodiments, a method for producing carbon-coated particles is provided and includes positioning nano-ordered carbon particles within a processing region of a processing chamber, purging the processing region containing the nano-ordered carbon particles with an inert gas, heating the nano-ordered carbon particles to a temperature of about 700° C. or greater during an annealing process, and depositing a carbon film on the nano-ordered carbon particles to produce carbon-coated particles during a vapor deposition process.

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to carbon materials for battery electrodes and methods for preparing such carbon materials. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for coating a carbon film onto nano-ordered carbon particles to produce carbon-coated particles which can be used as an anode material within a battery, such as a lithium-ion battery, a sodium-ion battery, other types of batteries. In one or more embodiments, a method for producing carbon-coated particles is provided and includes positioning nano-ordered carbon particles within a processing region of a processing chamber, purging the processing region containing the nano-ordered carbon particles with an inert gas, heating the nano-ordered carbon particles to a temperature of about 700° C. or greater during an annealing process, and depositing a carbon film on the nano-ordered carbon particles to produce carbon-coated particles during a vapor deposition process.

A disaggregation method for NDs (nanodiamonds) comprising: sonicating NDs dispersed in water; and sedimenting non-disaggregated NDs by centrifugation. Optionally, the method includes sonicating the disaggregated NDs with CAN [(NH.sub.4).sub.2Ce(NO.sub.3).sub.6] to produce CAN modified NDs and washing to remove excess CAN. Populations of disaggregated NDs are also disclosed. In some embodiments the populations are provided as an aqueous suspension.

A method for preparing fluorescent carbon quantum dots by using gas-liquid two-phase plasma is provided, which relates to the field of fluorescent carbon quantum technology. On the basis of liquid phase plasma, an inert gas is introduced to generate plasma by a gas-liquid two-phase discharge method. The introduction of inert gas facilitates the formation of discharge channels, reduces the difficulty of product synthesis, improves mass transfer rates of active particles, helps to improve synthesis rates of carbon nano-products, increases discharge contact area and enhances discharge stability. A high reaction efficiency and a short time consumption can be realized. A pulsed power supply is adopted for discharge, which has lower energy consumption compared with the direct current discharge. Moreover, the process is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, and there is no need for catalysts, strong oxidants or strong corrosives, so the purity of the product maybe higher.