Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, methods, and devices for generating hydrogen pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (methane, diesel, JP8, etc.) in a reactor. The reactor includes multiple channels in parallel. A hydrocarbon flows in a channel and decomposes into hydrogen and carbon. Hydrogen gas flows out and some of the carbon will deposit on the channel wall. Once carbon deposition reaches a predetermined level, the hydrocarbon flow stops, and air or oxygen is caused to flow into the channels to oxidize carbon into carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and supply heat to neighboring channels. Simultaneously, the hydrocarbon will flow into neighboring channels causing decomposition into hydrogen and carbon in the neighboring channels. When the carbon coating in the neighboring channels reaches a predetermined level, the gas flow is switched again to air or oxygen. In this way, each channel alternates between decomposing the hydrocarbon and oxidizing the deposited carbon.

Disclosed are apparatuses, systems, methods, and devices for generating hydrogen pyrolysis of hydrocarbons (methane, diesel, JP8, etc.) in a reactor. The reactor includes multiple channels in parallel. A hydrocarbon flows in a channel and decomposes into hydrogen and carbon. Hydrogen gas flows out and some of the carbon will deposit on the channel wall. Once carbon deposition reaches a predetermined level, the hydrocarbon flow stops, and air or oxygen is caused to flow into the channels to oxidize carbon into carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide and supply heat to neighboring channels. Simultaneously, the hydrocarbon will flow into neighboring channels causing decomposition into hydrogen and carbon in the neighboring channels. When the carbon coating in the neighboring channels reaches a predetermined level, the gas flow is switched again to air or oxygen. In this way, each channel alternates between decomposing the hydrocarbon and oxidizing the deposited carbon.

The invention relates to a cyclic method of producing a hydrogen rich and/or a carbon monoxide rich stream using different materials, a first solid material, a second solid material and a CO.sub.2 sorbent material.

In a first step a first gas stream comprising steam and at least one reductant is brought in contact with the three materials resulting in a hydrogen rich outlet stream.

In a second step, the captured CO.sub.2 from the first step is released and converted to CO to produce a CO rich outlet stream.

The invention further relates to an installation for producing a hydrogen rich and/or carbon monoxide rich stream.

The invention relates to a cyclic method of producing a hydrogen rich and/or a carbon monoxide rich stream using different materials, a first solid material, a second solid material and a CO.sub.2 sorbent material.

In a first step a first gas stream comprising steam and at least one reductant is brought in contact with the three materials resulting in a hydrogen rich outlet stream.

In a second step, the captured CO.sub.2 from the first step is released and converted to CO to produce a CO rich outlet stream.

The invention further relates to an installation for producing a hydrogen rich and/or carbon monoxide rich stream.

The present development is a process to produce commodity chemicals such as methanol and syngas using an integrated plasma catalysis technology. The method comprises providing a fixed or fluidized bed reactor having a microwave plasma flame and a catalyst bed with a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is an alloyed bimetallic nanowire. In the process, the plasma flame fluidizes the catalyst thereby producing a more effective catalyst than the non-fluidized catalyst. It is anticipated that the reactor can have a throughput capacity of up to 30 Lpm/kW and can be effective for the conversion of CO.sub.2, CH.sub.4, air, water, and combinations thereof, through reactions such as pure CO.sub.2 splitting, reverse water gas shift (RWGS) for CO production, methanol synthesis, and plasma reforming of methane, thereby making a system that would be attractive for small GTL units.

The present development is a process to produce commodity chemicals such as methanol and syngas using an integrated plasma catalysis technology. The method comprises providing a fixed or fluidized bed reactor having a microwave plasma flame and a catalyst bed with a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is an alloyed bimetallic nanowire. In the process, the plasma flame fluidizes the catalyst thereby producing a more effective catalyst than the non-fluidized catalyst. It is anticipated that the reactor can have a throughput capacity of up to 30 Lpm/kW and can be effective for the conversion of CO.sub.2, CH.sub.4, air, water, and combinations thereof, through reactions such as pure CO.sub.2 splitting, reverse water gas shift (RWGS) for CO production, methanol synthesis, and plasma reforming of methane, thereby making a system that would be attractive for small GTL units.

A method for drying a catalytic oxidation furnace, the method including: 1) charging a feed gas including oxygen and natural gas, and a temperature control gas to a catalytic oxidation furnace loaded with a catalyst; 2) preheating a mixed gas including the feed gas and the temperature control gas to increase the temperature of the mixed gas, and stopping the preheating when the temperature of the mixed gas achieves a temperature adapted to trigger the oxidation reaction of the mixed gas; and 3) within the molar ratio of the temperature control gas to the feed gas being 0.1-7:1.3-1.6, reducing the molar ratio of the temperature control gas to the feed gas such that the rise of the temperature of the mixed gas conforms to the temperature rising rate of the drying-out curve of a heat insulation refractory material of the catalytic oxidation furnace.

Disclosed herein is a method for selectively reducing, using electrical energy, CO.sub.2 to carbon monoxide or formic acid, a catalyst for use in the method, and an electrochemical reduction system. The method for producing carbon monoxide or formic acid by electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention includes (a) reacting carbon dioxide with a metal complex represented by formula (1), and (b) applying a voltage to a reaction product of the carbon dioxide and the metal complex represented by formula (1):

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Disclosed herein is a method for selectively reducing, using electrical energy, CO.sub.2 to carbon monoxide or formic acid, a catalyst for use in the method, and an electrochemical reduction system. The method for producing carbon monoxide or formic acid by electrochemically reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention includes (a) reacting carbon dioxide with a metal complex represented by formula (1), and (b) applying a voltage to a reaction product of the carbon dioxide and the metal complex represented by formula (1):

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A system for combined production of yellow phosphorous and syngas is disclosed. The air separation unit, the pulverized coal preparation unit and the mineral aggregate forming unit are respectively connected to a gas inlet and a top feeding port of the phosphorus coal gasifier; phosphorus-containing syngas obtained from phosphorus coal gasifier is connected to a gas inlet of the separating washing unit through an outlet of the phosphorous coal gasifier; Yellow phosphorus products and crude syngas are respectively output from the output port of the separating washing unit; and then the crude syngas is purified to obtain refined syngas. A slag discharge port at the bottom of the phosphorus coal gasifier is connected to an input port of a slag cold quenching unit. The system can improve the available energy of yellow phosphorous production, the production capacity of yellow phosphorus and the yield of syngas, and reduce CO.sub.2 emission.