The present invention is related to a manufacturing method of a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery, a negative active material for a lithium secondary battery manufactured by the method, and a lithium secondary battery including the same. According to one embodiment, it is provided that: a method of manufacturing a negative active material for lithium secondary battery, comprising: coating a negative active material precursor containing Si with crude tar or soft pitch; and annealing an obtained coating product, wherein, the crude tar contains a low molecular weight component that can be removed by a distillation process in an amount of 20 wt % or less.

Disclosed is a plasma surface treatment apparatus for conductive powder. The plasma surface treatment apparatus for conductive powder comprises: a reaction chamber including a linear gas inlet at the lower end thereof and a gas outlet at the upper end thereof, and having a vertical cross section that is funnel-shaped; and a plasma jet generation device that is located below the linear gas inlet and is configured to discharge a plasma jet into the reaction chamber from below in an upward direction through the linear gas inlet, wherein powder is accommodated in the reaction chamber and is treated by plasma while buoyed by the plasma jet.

Silicon particles for use in an electrode in an electrochemical cell are provided. The silicon particles may have outer regions extending about 20 nm deep from the surfaces, the outer regions comprising an amount of aluminum such that a bulk measurement of the aluminum comprises at least about 0.01% by weight of the silicon particles. The bulk measurement of the aluminum may provide the amount of aluminum present at least in the outer regions.

Silicon particles for use in an electrode in an electrochemical cell are provided. The silicon particles may have outer regions extending about 20 nm deep from the surfaces, the outer regions comprising an amount of aluminum such that a bulk measurement of the aluminum comprises at least about 0.01% by weight of the silicon particles. The bulk measurement of the aluminum may provide the amount of aluminum present at least in the outer regions.

Polymer derived ceramic (PDC) materials, compositions and methods of making high capacity, long cycle, long life battery anodes to improve the performance of batteries of all types, including but not limited to coin cell batteries, electric vehicle (EV) batteries, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) batteries, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) batteries, battery electric vehicle (BEV) batteries, lithium cobalt (LCO) batteries, lithium iron (LFP) batteries; and lithium-ion (Li) batteries, and lead acid batteries. Silicon is incorporated in the PDC material at a molecular level when reacting a polymer derived ceramic precursor and a silicon hydride constituent or a silicon alkoxide constituent to form a PDC composition useful as a powdered battery anode material. A predetermined amount of divinylbenzene is added as a crosslinker and a modifier to increase free carbon content. The resulting battery anode materials increase the specific capacity of a battery measured in milliampere-hours per gram (mAh/g) and increase the life cycle of a battery while minimizing distortion and stress of the anode structure.

Polymer derived ceramic (PDC) materials, compositions and methods of making high capacity, long cycle, long life battery anodes to improve the performance of batteries of all types, including but not limited to coin cell batteries, electric vehicle (EV) batteries, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) batteries, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) batteries, battery electric vehicle (BEV) batteries, lithium cobalt (LCO) batteries, lithium iron (LFP) batteries; and lithium-ion (Li) batteries, and lead acid batteries. Silicon is incorporated in the PDC material at a molecular level when reacting a polymer derived ceramic precursor and a silicon hydride constituent or a silicon alkoxide constituent to form a PDC composition useful as a powdered battery anode material. A predetermined amount of divinylbenzene is added as a crosslinker and a modifier to increase free carbon content. The resulting battery anode materials increase the specific capacity of a battery measured in milliampere-hours per gram (mAh/g) and increase the life cycle of a battery while minimizing distortion and stress of the anode structure.

An apparatus that forms liquid silicon includes a. a device by which a gas can be brought to a high-temperature state in which it is at least partially present as plasma, b. a reaction space and a feed conduit for the high-temperature gas opening into the reaction space, c. a nozzle having a nozzle channel that opens directly into the reaction space and through which a gaseous or particulate silicon-containing starting material can be fed into the reaction space, and d. a device adapted to introduce an inert gas into the reaction space such that it protects the exit opening of the nozzle channel against thermal stress resulting from the high-temperature gas.

An apparatus that forms liquid silicon includes a. a device by which a gas can be brought to a high-temperature state in which it is at least partially present as plasma, b. a reaction space and a feed conduit for the high-temperature gas opening into the reaction space, c. a nozzle having a nozzle channel that opens directly into the reaction space and through which a gaseous or particulate silicon-containing starting material can be fed into the reaction space, and d. a device adapted to introduce an inert gas into the reaction space such that it protects the exit opening of the nozzle channel against thermal stress resulting from the high-temperature gas.

A method for forming an isolating layer of a crucible includes placing a round crucible sideways with a bottom surface of an inside thereof perpendicular to a horizontal plane, and then performing a plurality of spraying processes to form the isolating layer on the bottom surface and a wall surface of the round crucible. Each spraying process includes spraying a slurry on the bottom surface; using an optical positioner to set a spraying range the same as one of a plurality of partial areas divided from the wall surface; aligning one of the plurality of partial areas with the spraying range; fixing the round crucible and spraying the slurry in the spraying range; stopping the spraying; and rotating the round crucible to move another partial area to the spraying range. Then, the steps are repeated until the spraying of all the partial areas is completed.

A method for forming an isolating layer of a crucible includes placing a round crucible sideways with a bottom surface of an inside thereof perpendicular to a horizontal plane, and then performing a plurality of spraying processes to form the isolating layer on the bottom surface and a wall surface of the round crucible. Each spraying process includes spraying a slurry on the bottom surface; using an optical positioner to set a spraying range the same as one of a plurality of partial areas divided from the wall surface; aligning one of the plurality of partial areas with the spraying range; fixing the round crucible and spraying the slurry in the spraying range; stopping the spraying; and rotating the round crucible to move another partial area to the spraying range. Then, the steps are repeated until the spraying of all the partial areas is completed.