A method for removing ammonia from a gas stream divides the gas steam into a plurality of separate gas streams and sprays a dilute acid solution into the streams. The acid solution is aqueous sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate is produced. A device is used to divide the gas stream, the device having a plurality of conduits in fluid communication with a plenum. Spray nozzles are located in each conduit to spray the acid solution into the gas streams. The device creates less than 10 Pa back pressure to the gas stream.

A method for removing ammonia from a gas stream divides the gas steam into a plurality of separate gas streams and sprays a dilute acid solution into the streams. The acid solution is aqueous sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate is produced. A device is used to divide the gas stream, the device having a plurality of conduits in fluid communication with a plenum. Spray nozzles are located in each conduit to spray the acid solution into the gas streams. The device creates less than 10 Pa back pressure to the gas stream.

A process and apparatus for managing hydrogen sulfide in a refinery is provided. In the process, a hydrogen sulfide stream from said refinery is fed to a sulfur recovery unit to produce sulfur and a sulfur compound stream or to a thermal oxidizer. The sulfur compound stream and the hydrogen sulfide stream are then thermally oxidized to produce a sulfur oxide stream. The sulfur oxide stream is then reacted with an ammonia stream. In aspect, the product of the reaction can be a fertilizer. The ammonia stream can be obtained from stripping the hydrogen sulfide stream.

A process and apparatus for managing hydrogen sulfide in a refinery is provided. In the process, a hydrogen sulfide stream from said refinery is fed to a sulfur recovery unit to produce sulfur and a sulfur compound stream or to a thermal oxidizer. The sulfur compound stream and the hydrogen sulfide stream are then thermally oxidized to produce a sulfur oxide stream. The sulfur oxide stream is then reacted with an ammonia stream. In aspect, the product of the reaction can be a fertilizer. The ammonia stream can be obtained from stripping the hydrogen sulfide stream.

In a method for physical and thermochemical treatment of biomass, the biomass moisture content is reduced in a dryer and ammonia (NH.sub.3) is also released from the biomass during drying. The dried biomass is then either pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis reactor and the pyrolysis gas is forwarded to and combusted in a combustion device to form flue gas, or is combusted in a combustion facility unit to form flue gas. In either case the flue gas is fed to a mixer. Oxygen (O.sub.2) is metered to the flue gas in the mixer and is fed directly to the dryer as drying gas. As the drying gas passes through the dryer, the sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) contained in the drying gas and/or the sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3) chemically reacts with the ammonia (NH.sub.3) to form ammonium sulfite ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.3) and/or ammonium sulfate ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4). Also a treatment facility physically and thermochemically treats the biomass.

In a method for physical and thermochemical treatment of biomass, the biomass moisture content is reduced in a dryer and ammonia (NH.sub.3) is also released from the biomass during drying. The dried biomass is then either pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis reactor and the pyrolysis gas is forwarded to and combusted in a combustion device to form flue gas, or is combusted in a combustion facility unit to form flue gas. In either case the flue gas is fed to a mixer. Oxygen (O.sub.2) is metered to the flue gas in the mixer and is fed directly to the dryer as drying gas. As the drying gas passes through the dryer, the sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) contained in the drying gas and/or the sulfur trioxide (SO.sub.3) chemically reacts with the ammonia (NH.sub.3) to form ammonium sulfite ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.3) and/or ammonium sulfate ((NH.sub.4).sub.2SO.sub.4). Also a treatment facility physically and thermochemically treats the biomass.

There is provided herein a fertilizer granule comprising Urea, Polyhalite and Ammonium Sulphate.

There is provided herein a fertilizer granule comprising Urea, Polyhalite and Ammonium Sulphate.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of an urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein said UAS composition comprises 1 to 40 weight % of ammonium sulphate (AS) relative to the total weight of the UAS composition, from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, in a pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, comprising the step of including a viscosity-reducing agent, selected from the group of water soluble aluminium salts, into one or more of said feeds. Preferably, said agent is an aluminium sulphate (AluS). The present invention also relates to a pipe reactor for the production of a urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, the pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein continuous feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein the pipe reactor further comprises means for supplying an aqueous solution of a viscosity-reducing agent to the urea solution upstream of said pipe reactor section, which agent reduces the viscosity of said UAS solution or slurry. The present invention also relates to the use of aluminium sulphate as viscosity-reducing agent in in a method for the production of urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein said UAS composition comprises 1 to 40 weight % of ammonium sulphate (AS) relative to the total weight of the UAS composition, from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, in a pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein continuous feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition.

The present invention relates to a method for the production of an urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein said UAS composition comprises 1 to 40 weight % of ammonium sulphate (AS) relative to the total weight of the UAS composition, from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, in a pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, comprising the step of including a viscosity-reducing agent, selected from the group of water soluble aluminium salts, into one or more of said feeds. Preferably, said agent is an aluminium sulphate (AluS). The present invention also relates to a pipe reactor for the production of a urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, the pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein continuous feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein the pipe reactor further comprises means for supplying an aqueous solution of a viscosity-reducing agent to the urea solution upstream of said pipe reactor section, which agent reduces the viscosity of said UAS solution or slurry. The present invention also relates to the use of aluminium sulphate as viscosity-reducing agent in in a method for the production of urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition, wherein said UAS composition comprises 1 to 40 weight % of ammonium sulphate (AS) relative to the total weight of the UAS composition, from sulphuric acid, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate, and urea, in a pipe reactor comprising at least a reactor section wherein continuous feeds of sulphuric acid and/or ammonium bisulphate, ammonia and/or ammonium carbamate and urea are combined to obtain said urea ammonium sulphate (UAS) composition.