A system for producing magnesium chloride includes a removal unit, and a concentration unit that is connected to the removal unit. The removal unit generates feedstock water by removing sulfate ions and sodium ions from treatment target water having seawater as a feedstock. The concentration unit generates a slurry in which magnesium chloride is crystallized by concentrating the feedstock water. The removal unit has a first removal unit which reduces the sulfate ion concentration compared to the sulfate ion concentration in the treatment target water, and a second removal unit which reduces the sodium ion concentration compared to the sodium ion concentration in the treatment target water.

A process for removing lactic acid from an aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride to lactic acid in the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution being at least 1:1, the process including the steps of subjecting the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution to an evaporation step, resulting in the formation of a slurry of MgC12.MgL2.4H2O in an aqueous magnesium chloride solution, then subjecting the slurry to a solid-liquid separation step, to separate the solid MgC12.MgL2.4H2O from the aqueous magnesium chloride solution, resulting in the removal of lactic acid from the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution in the form of MgC12.MgL2.4H2O. The process makes it possible to efficiently remove lactic acid from aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solutions, resulting in magnesium chloride solutions with a low lactic acid content which can be further processed as desired.

A process for removing lactic acid from an aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution, the weight ratio of magnesium chloride to lactic acid in the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution being at least 1:1, the process including the steps of subjecting the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution to an evaporation step, resulting in the formation of a slurry of MgC12.MgL2.4H2O in an aqueous magnesium chloride solution, then subjecting the slurry to a solid-liquid separation step, to separate the solid MgC12.MgL2.4H2O from the aqueous magnesium chloride solution, resulting in the removal of lactic acid from the aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solution in the form of MgC12.MgL2.4H2O. The process makes it possible to efficiently remove lactic acid from aqueous lactic acid-containing magnesium chloride solutions, resulting in magnesium chloride solutions with a low lactic acid content which can be further processed as desired.

A method for producing an iron pigment and hydrochloric acid with reduced or substantially eliminated waste streams includes: providing an iron chloride solution, wherein the iron chloride solution includes one or both of iron (II) chloride and iron (III) chloride; neutralizing the iron chloride solution with one or both of ammonia and ammonium hydroxide to form a slurry of an iron oxide solid component and an ammonium chloride solution; separating the iron oxide solid component from the ammonium chloride solution; drying the iron oxide solid component to form an iron pigment or pigment intermediate; reacting the ammonium chloride solution with an alkaline-earth metal solid to form an alkaline-earth metal chloride solution and to evolve ammonia as a vapor, wherein at least a portion of the evolved ammonia reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide; recycling one or both of the evolved ammonia and the formed ammonium chloride for use in connection with the neutralization step; and pyrohydrolyzing the alkaline-earth metal chloride solution to form hydrochloric acid and to regenerate the alkaline-earth metal solid. Iron pigment or pigment intermediate produced in accordance with the method may have a yellow, red, or black color.

The present invention relates to novel organo-magnesium compounds obtained by reaction of dialkyl-magnesium compounds and carbodiimides and their use as precursors for the preparation of further magnesium compounds and catalysts.

A method for preparing potassium chloride from carnallite includes: carrying out high-temperature water solution mining treatment on carnallite with fresh water to obtain potassium-rich saturated brine; mixing the potassium-rich saturated brine, a sylvine saturated solution, and bittern for mixing brine, evaporation and decomposition to obtain artificial sylvine; and carrying out low-temperature selective dissolution treatment on the artificial sylvine with fresh water to prepare potassium chloride. The carnallite is mined by using hot water, which reduces the content of sodium chloride in the potassium-rich saturated brine; artificial sylvine is only subjected to low-temperature selective dissolution once, which avoids unnecessary energy consumption and impurity accumulation unnecessary for multifold cycles of thermal dissolution-cold crystallization treatment of sylvine while guaranteeing the high yield and high quality of potassium chloride. The method is suitable for different grades of carnallite, has extremely strong adaptability and loose technical conditions, and is conducive to promotion and implementation.

The present description relates to a process for extracting magnesium compounds from magnesium-bearing ores comprising leaching serpentine tailing with dilute HCl to dissolve the magnesium and other elements like iron and nickel. The resudial silica is removed and the rich solution is further neutralized to eliminate impurities and recover nickel. Magnesium chloride is transformed in magnesium sulfate and hydrochloric acid by reaction with sulfuric acid. The magnesium sulfate can be further decomposed in magnesium oxyde and sulphur dioxyde by calcination. The sulphur gas can further be converted into sulfuric acid.

A system and method for producing minerals from divalent ion-containing brine stream includes rejecting sulfate from a divalent-ion rich reject stream in a first nanofiltration seawater reverse osmosis (NF-SWRO) unit, producing solid calcium sulfate dihydrate and a magnesium-rich brine stream in a first concentration unit, concentrating the magnesium-rich brine stream to a saturation point of sodium chloride in a second concentration unit, producing solid sodium chloride and a supernatant product stream in a first crystallizing unit, produce a concentrated magnesium-rich bittern stream from the supernatant product stream in a third concentration unit, and at least one of producing hydrated magnesium chloride from the concentrated magnesium-rich bittern stream in a second crystallizing unit and producing anhydrous magnesium chloride by prilling the concentrated magnesium-rich bitterns stream under a hydrogen chloride atmosphere in a dry air process unit.

The invention relates to a cosmetic product, comprising a) a cosmetic preparation, including, in relation to its total weight, a1) 65 to 96 wt % of at least one polar solvent; a2) 0.1 to 34 wt % of at least one inorganic salt; b) a device for flash evaporation of the cosmetic preparation a), and to a method using corresponding products and to the use of the cosmetic preparation a) as process material in a device for flash evaporation.

The invention relates to a process and devices for reducing impurities in molten salts, a molten salt being purified in an electrochemical process by applying a voltage between two electrodes. According to the invention, the voltage is varied so that in different phases different electrodes act as cathode or anode.