A washing method of red mud that is produced when an alumina-containing ore having a goethite to hematite mass ratio of 60/40 (goethite/hematite) or more in the iron component thereof is heat-treated with an alkaline solution at a temperature of 110 C. to 160 C. to obtain an aluminate liquor, including: mixing the red mud with a diluting fluid to obtain suspension that has an aluminum concentration of 95 g/L or less in terms of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; adding a flocculant to the suspension, wherein, the flocculant includes a polymer having a repeating unit derived from (meth)acrylic acid or a salt thereof and being substantially free from a repeating unit derived from vinylhydroxamic acid compound or a salt thereof; and settling and separating the red mud so as to wash the red mud.

A method for producing an amorphous sodium aluminate includes providing a solution of sodium hydroxide, adding aluminum oxide trihydrate, a carbonate and a gluconate to the sodium hydroxide solution to form a second solution, and heating the second solution to a temperature sufficient to form the sodium aluminate. An amorphous sodium aluminate product produced by the process is also described. PAC or PACS produced with the amorphous sodium aluminate is also described.

A method for producing an amorphous sodium aluminate includes providing a solution of sodium hydroxide, adding aluminum oxide trihydrate, a carbonate and a gluconate to the sodium hydroxide solution to form a second solution, and heating the second solution to a temperature sufficient to form the sodium aluminate. An amorphous sodium aluminate product produced by the process is also described. PAC or PACS produced with the amorphous sodium aluminate is also described.

An apparatus includes a boiler configured to receive water, sodium hydroxide, and aluminum; a generator adjacent to the boiler and configured to generate electricity based on heat received from the boiler; a transformer electrically coupled with the generator; a hydrogen capture system coupled with the boiler and configured to capture hydrogen from the boiler; a carbon capture system coupled with the hydrogen capture system to produce hydrocarbons on-site; a nitrogen capture system coupled with the hydrogen capture system to produce ammonia on-site; and a boron 11 containment system coupled with the hydrogen capture system to produce hydrogen boron on-site.

An apparatus includes a boiler configured to receive water, sodium hydroxide, and aluminum; a generator adjacent to the boiler and configured to generate electricity based on heat received from the boiler; a transformer electrically coupled with the generator; a hydrogen capture system coupled with the boiler and configured to capture hydrogen from the boiler; a carbon capture system coupled with the hydrogen capture system to produce hydrocarbons on-site; a nitrogen capture system coupled with the hydrogen capture system to produce ammonia on-site; and a boron 11 containment system coupled with the hydrogen capture system to produce hydrogen boron on-site.