A potassium hexafluoromanganate (K2MnF6) composition includes no more than six parts per million of each of one or more Group 13 elements, no more than 520 parts per million of one or more alkaline earth metals, no more than fourteen parts per million of one or more transition metals, and/or no more than forty parts per million of calcium. A method for providing this composition, as well as lighting apparatuses, backlight units, and electronic devices including phosphors formed from the composition also are provided.

A potassium hexafluoromanganate (K2MnF6) composition includes no more than six parts per million of each of one or more Group 13 elements, no more than 520 parts per million of one or more alkaline earth metals, no more than fourteen parts per million of one or more transition metals, and/or no more than forty parts per million of calcium. A method for providing this composition, as well as lighting apparatuses, backlight units, and electronic devices including phosphors formed from the composition also are provided.

The present invention relates to means and methods for producing crystals or crystalline substances in a contained vessel. In particular, crystals or crystalline substances, which are useful as pharmaceutical ingredients, can be manufactured.

Ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that comprise at least one Dirac half metal material. In addition, Dirac half metal materials are disclosed, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons. In addition, ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that includes at least one Dirac half metal material, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons, wherein the material exhibits 100% spin polarization, and wherein the plurality of electrons exhibit ultrahigh mobility. Spintronic devices and heterostructures are also disclosed that include a Dirac half metal material.

Ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that comprise at least one Dirac half metal material. In addition, Dirac half metal materials are disclosed, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons. In addition, ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that includes at least one Dirac half metal material, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons, wherein the material exhibits 100% spin polarization, and wherein the plurality of electrons exhibit ultrahigh mobility. Spintronic devices and heterostructures are also disclosed that include a Dirac half metal material.

A potassium hexafluoromanganate is represented by General Formula: K.sub.2MnF.sub.6, and a diffuse reflectance with respect to light having a wavelength of 310 nm is 20% or more.

A potassium hexafluoromanganate is represented by General Formula: K.sub.2MnF.sub.6, and a diffuse reflectance with respect to light having a wavelength of 310 nm is 20% or more.

Ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that comprise at least one Dirac half metal material. In addition, Dirac half metal materials are disclosed, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons. In addition, ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that includes at least one Dirac half metal material, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons, wherein the material exhibits 100% spin polarization, and wherein the plurality of electrons exhibit ultrahigh mobility. Spintronic devices and heterostructures are also disclosed that include a Dirac half metal material.

Ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that comprise at least one Dirac half metal material. In addition, Dirac half metal materials are disclosed, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons. In addition, ferromagnetic materials are disclosed that includes at least one Dirac half metal material, wherein the material comprises a plurality of massless Dirac electrons, wherein the material exhibits 100% spin polarization, and wherein the plurality of electrons exhibit ultrahigh mobility. Spintronic devices and heterostructures are also disclosed that include a Dirac half metal material.

In a surface modification method for fluoride luminescent materials, an inorganic coating layer A.sub.xMF.sub.y coated substrate A.sub.xMF.sub.y:Mn.sup.4+ is mixed with an organic solution containing a metal phosphate, an alkoxysilane, an organic carboxylic acid or an organic amine. The solution is evaporated to give the organic-inorganic coating layer coated surface-modified fluoride luminescent material. The phosphor photoluminescence intensity and quantum efficiency of the modified phosphors can be maintained at 85%-95% under high temperature and high humidity conditions. After being coated with the inorganic coating layer, the surface defects of the phosphor are reduced, and the photoluminescence intensity and quantum yield of the phosphor are increased by 5%-15%. After being coated with the organic coating layer, the photoluminescence intensity of the phosphor is reduced <3%.