A memristor material is disclosed which has the chemical formula R.sub.1-xA.sub.xB0.sub.3, wherein R is one of Eu, Gd, Tb, Nd, A is one of Ca, Sr, Ba, B is one of Mn, Co, Ni, and x is larger than 0 but smaller than 1, a preferred example being Gd.sub.1-xCa.sub.xMn0.sub.3 (GCMO) with x not less than 0.2 to obtain practical resistance switching ratios. A memristor can be manufactured by pulsed laser deposition using a sintered target of said material.

A composition suitable for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate can comprise abrasive particles, a multi-valent metal borate, at least one oxidizer and a solvent. The composition can polish a substrate with a high material removal rate and a very smooth surface finish.

A honeycomb-structured catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, which includes a catalyst particle. The catalyst particle contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least of Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, 1.001≤x≤1.05, 0.05≤z≤0.2, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The toluene decomposition rate is greater than 90% when toluene is decomposed using the honeycomb-structured catalyst subjected to a heat treatment at 1200° C. for 48 hours and a gas that contains 50 ppm toluene, 80% nitrogen, and 20% oxygen as a volume concentration as a target at a space velocity of 30,000/h and a catalyst temperature of 400° C.

A composition suitable for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate can comprise abrasive particles, a multi-valent metal borate, at least one oxidizer and a solvent. The composition can polish a substrate with a high material removal rate and a very smooth surface finish.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a support and a catalyst particle supported on the support. The catalyst particle contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least one selected from Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one selected from Mn, Co, Ni and Fe, y+z=1, x≥0.995, z≤0.4, and w is a positive value satisfying electrical neutrality. A film thickness of a catalyst-supporting film supported on the support and containing the catalyst particle is 5 μm or more, or a supported amount as determined by normalizing a mass of the catalyst particle supported on the support by a volume of the support is 45 g/L or more.

Provided is a method for producing a lithium-containing solution that prevents the dissolution of the whole lithium manganese oxide while maintaining the efficiency of an elution step. The method for producing a lithium-containing solution comprises performing an adsorption step of contacting a lithium adsorbent obtained from lithium manganese oxide with a low lithium-containing liquid for adsorption to give post-adsorption lithium manganese oxide, an elution step of contacting the post-adsorption lithium manganese oxide with an acid solution to give a lithium-containing solution with residual manganese, and a manganese oxidation step of oxidating manganese to give a lithium-containing solution with a suppressed manganese concentration, performed in this order. The acid solution is a 0.5 mol/L or more and 4.0 mol/L or less hydrochloric acid solution. According to the production method, in the elution step, the dissolution of the whole lithium manganese oxide can be suppressed while maintaining the efficiency of exchange reaction between cations including Li.sup.+ and H.sup.+. Thus, the repeated use of the lithium adsorbent becomes possible.

Modified copper chromite spinel pigments exhibit lower coefficients of thermal expansion than unmodified structures. Three methods exist to modify the pigments: (1) the incorporation of secondary modifiers into the pigment core composition, (2) control of the pigment firing profile, including both the temperature and the soak time, and (3) control of the pigment core composition.

A supported catalyst for decomposing an organic substance that includes a carrier and catalyst particles supported on the carrier. The catalyst particles contain a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where A contains at least one of Ba and Sr, B contains Zr, M is at least one of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. An organic substance decomposition rate after the supported catalyst is subjected to a heat treatment at 950° C. for 48 hours is greater than 0.97 when the organic substance decomposition rate before the heat treatment is regarded as 1, and an amount of the catalyst particles peeled off when the supported catalyst is ultrasonicated in water at 28 kHz and 220 W for 15 minutes is less than 1 wt % of the catalyst particles before untrasonication.

An organic matter decomposition catalyst that contains a perovskite type complex oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, wherein A contains 90 at % or more of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba and Sr, B contains 80 at % or more of Zr, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, y+z=1, x>1, z<0.4, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality.

A catalyst for decomposing an organic substance, the catalyst having a body which has a plurality of pores and the body contains a perovskite-type composite oxide represented by A.sub.xB.sub.yM.sub.zO.sub.w, where the A contains at least one selected from Ba and Sr, the B contains Zr, the M is at least one selected from Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe, 1.001≤x≤1.1, 0.05≤z≤0.2, y+z=1, and w is a positive value that satisfies electrical neutrality. The average pore diameter of the plurality of pores is 49 nm to 260 nm and the pore volume of each of the plurality of pores is 0.08 cm.sup.3/g to 0.37 cm.sup.3/g.