Disclosed are a process and continuous system for producing LiPF.sub.6, and a prepared mixture crystal, composition, electrolyte solution and lithium ion battery containing LiPF.sub.6. During preparation, a first feed stream containing PF5 and a second feed stream containing LiF and HF are introduced into a first microchannel reactor, a gas part of a product in the first microchannel reactor is introduced into a second microchannel reactor to react with a third feed stream containing LiPF.sub.6, LiF and HF, and a liquid part of the product in the first microchannel reactor is subjected to crystallization and drying to obtain LiPF.sub.6. The LiPF.sub.6 has the advantages of a high purity, a uniform particle size, a high product quality stability, etc., and is suitable for use as a component of an electrolyte solution of a lithium ion battery.

The gel made of graphene oxide co-doped with boron nitrogen can be functionalized with a receptor, can be passivated by a passivation agent, and can have particular expressions of bonds to favor charge carrier mobility. The gel can be used in the context of a sensor via the interaction between the receptor and an analyte to be detected.

A dielectric powder includes a core-shell structure including a core region formed in an inner portion thereof and a shell region covering the core region. The core region includes barium titanate (BaTiO.sub.3) doped with a metal oxide, and the shell region is formed of a ferroelectric material.

An object of the present invention is to provide magnesium oxide for an annealing separator which is useful for obtaining grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheets with excellent magnetic properties and insulating properties. To resolve the above object, an aspect of the present invention resides in magnesium oxide for an annealing separator having a sulfur content of 0.1 to 0.5 mass % and an aggregation degree R.sub.Blaine/R.sub.BET of 3.0 to 5.5 wherein R.sub.Blaine is the particle size calculated from the Blaine specific surface area and R.sub.BET is the particle size calculated from the BET specific surface area.

Exemplary embodiments of positive electrode active materials in the form of single particles, and a method of preparing each of them, are provided. The single particles of the exemplary embodiments include single particles of a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, having a plurality of crystal grains, each having a size of 180 nm to 300 nm, as analyzed by a Cu Kα X-ray (X-rα). The single particles include a metal doped in the crystal lattice thereof. One embodiment includes a surface coating. The total content of the metal doped in the crystal lattice thereof and the metal of the metal oxide coated on the surface thereof is controlled in the range of 2500 ppm to 6000 ppm.

A composite containing phosphorus, lithium, iron, sulfur, and carbon as constituent elements wherein lithium sulfide (Li.sub.2S) is present in an amount of 90 mol % or more, and wherein the crystallite size calculated from the half-width of a diffraction peak based on the (111) plane of Li.sub.2S as determined by X-ray powder diffraction measurement is 80 nm or less. The composite exhibits a high capacity (in particular, a high discharge capacity) useful as an electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary battery (in particular, a cathode active material for a lithium-ion secondary battery), without the need for stepwise pre-cycling treatment.

An iron-based oxide magnetic particle powder has a narrow particle size distribution a small content of fine particles that do not contribute to magnetic recording characteristics, and a narrow coercive force distribution, to enhance magnetic recording medium density. Neutralizing an aqueous solution containing a trivalent iron ion and an ion of the metal substituting a part of the Fe sites by adding an alkali to make pH of 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less, adding a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and further neutralizing by adding an alkali to make pH of 8.0 or more and 9.0 or less are performed at 5° C. or more and 25° C. or less. A formed iron oxyhydroxide precipitate containing the substituting metal element is rinsed with water, then coated with silicon oxide, and then heated thereby providing e-type iron-based oxide magnetic particle powder. The rinsed precipitate may be subjected to a hydrothermal treatment.

An oxide superconducting bulk magnet able to prevent breakage of a superconducting bulk member and able to give a sufficient amount of total magnetic flux at a superconducting bulk member surface even under high magnetic field strength conditions, comprising an oxide superconducting bulk laminate formed from sheet-shaped oxide superconducting bulk members and high strength reinforcing members arranged between the stacked oxide superconducting bulk members, the outer circumference of the oxide superconducting bulk laminate being provided with an outer circumference reinforcing member.

An object of the present invention is to provide ferrite particles for supporting a catalyst having a small apparent density, various properties are maintained in a controllable state and a specified volume is filled with a small weight, and a catalyst using the ferrite particles for supporting a catalyst. To achieve the object, ferrite particles for supporting a catalyst provided with an outer shell structure containing Ti oxide, a catalyst using the ferrite particles for supporting a catalyst are employed.

The present invention relates to a chalcogenide device and particularly to a metal chalcogenide device using transition metal chalcogenides as electrodes and a production method therefor. The metal chalcogenide device according to the present invention may comprise: a substrate; an oxide layer positioned on the substrate; a first conductive metal chalcogenide layer positioned on the oxide layer; and first and second electrodes, which are positioned apart from one another on the metal chalcogenide layer and comprise metal chalcogenides.