Electromagnetic Electromagnetic wave absorbing particles including cesium tungsten oxide represented by a general formula Cs.sub.xW.sub.1-yO.sub.3-z (0.2≤x≤0.4, 0<y≤0.4, and 0<z≤0.46) and having an orthorhombic crystal structure or a hexagonal crystal structure are provided.

This disclosure concerns flux-calcined products manufactured from filtration waste streams, and methods for manufacturing the same. In particular, it concerns functional additives produced from spent cake comprising diatomite filtration media which are suitable for use in paints, plastic films and elastomers for control of optical and surface properties, and processes which are suitable for manufacture of such products. It further concerns the recovery of energy from spent cakes during the regeneration process.

Surface-modified zinc oxide particles which have a silane coupling agent having an alkoxy group on surfaces thereof, in which d50 when measured with a laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution-measuring instrument by the following measurement method is 4 μm or less. (Measurement method) 10 g of the surface-modified zinc oxide particles, 88 g of cyclopentasiloxane, and 2 g of polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone are mixed to obtain a liquid mixture, a dispersion treatment is performed on the obtained liquid mixture at 9,500 rpm for 5 minutes using a homogenizer to obtain a liquid dispersion, the liquid dispersion is diluted with cyclopentasiloxane so that a content of the surface-modified zinc oxide particles in the obtained liquid dispersion is 0.01% by mass to produce a measurement solution, and d50 is measured with the laser diffraction/scattering type particle size distribution-measuring instrument using the obtained measurement solution.

A process for producing a particulate TiO.sub.2 includes supplementing metatitanic acid with an alkali compound in a quantity of 1200 ppm to 2400 ppm of alkali, with a phosphorus compound in a quantity of 0.1 wt.-% to 0.3 wt.-% by weight of P, expressed as phosphorus, and with an aluminum compound in a quantity of 1 ppm to 1000 ppm of Al, expressed as Al, to obtain a mixture. The quantity of the alkali compound, of the phosphorus compound, and of the aluminum compound are with respect to the TiO.sub.2 content. The mixture is calcined at a constant temperature of 940° C. to 1020° C. until a numerical fraction X.sub.50 of TiO.sub.2 has a primary crystallite size of at least 200 nm, to obtain a calcined mixture. The calcined mixture is cooled to obtain a cooled calcined mixture. The cooled calcined mixture is grinded to obtain the particulate TiO.sub.2.

Provided is a dispersion liquid for sealing a light-emitting element containing metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 1.7 or higher and a surface-modifying material at least partially attached to the metal oxide particles, in which a particle diameter D50 of the metal oxide particles when a cumulative percentage of a scattering intensity distribution obtained by a dynamic light scattering method is 50% is 30 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and a content of the surface-modifying material not attached to the metal oxide particles is 60% by mass or less with respect to a total content of the metal oxide particles and the surface-modifying material.

Provided is a titanium oxide particle dispersion liquid with an inhibited photocatalytic activity and a low level of coloration. Titanium oxide particles in this dispersion liquid contain:

(1) a tin component; and

(2) a manganese component and/or a cobalt component,

wherein only the tin component is solid-dissolved in the titanium oxide particles, and the manganese component and/or the cobalt component are each contained by an amount of 5 to 5,000 in terms of a molar ratio to titanium (Ti/Mn and/or Ti/Co).

Provided herein are surface treated pigments and methods of making and using the surface treated pigments. The surface treated pigments can comprise a mineral pigment surface treated with a hydrophilic latex composition and a hydrophobic material, which produce a film on an outer surface of the pigment. The hydrophobic material can be selected from a silane, a siloxane, or a siloxane/silicone resin blend, wax, fatty acid, styrene-butadiene latex, or a mixture thereof. The hydrophilic latex composition can be selected from a straight (meth)acrylic latex emulsion, a styrene-(meth)acrylic latex emulsion, or a blend thereof. The surface treated pigment has a surface energy that is less than a surface energy of the mineral pigment alone, a water contact angle of at least 90° and a dodecane contact angle of less than 150°.

A cristobalite includes: a d50 particle size selected within a range of from 1 μm to 15 μm; an L color coordinate of greater than 96; a color coordinate of less than 1; and a b color coordinate of 1 or less, in which the cristobalite is a powder. Also provided are compositions containing the cristobalite, coatings formed with compositions, and methods of preparing cristobalite.

This present invention provides a microporous carbon nanospheres, method for synthesizing and activating thereof, the method comprising: adding and mixing well deionized water, absolute ethanol, triblock copolymer, ammonia solution, resorcinol and formaldehyde solution; separating solid and liquid of the mixture solution, then drying the separated solid substrate to have a dried solid substrate; sintering the dried solid substrate surrounding by nitrogen twice and collecting microporous carbon nanospheres after cooling down. Further sintering to activate these microporous carbon nanospheres surrounding by carbon dioxide, and collecting activated microporous carbon nanospheres after cooling down. Microporous carbon nanospheres and activated microporous carbon nanospheres synthesized by this present invention have spherical structure, small size and high the specific surface area, and the process is simplified, cost-effective and environment-friendly.

An iron oxide powder includes a porous structure having the diameter of from 0.3 μm to 2 μm, wherein the iron oxide powder has an aluminum content of from 10 mol % to 80 mol %.