Disclosed is a method for treating water, including the extraction of at least two ionic species, the ionic species including an anionic species and a cationic species and being present in the water to be treated, the method especially including a step of mixing a liquid hydrophobic organic phase and the water to be treated, the water to be treated being in the liquid state, in order to subsequently obtain liquid treated water and a hydrophobic liquid organic phase loaded with the ionic species, and a step of thermal regeneration of the organic phase loaded with chemical species. Also disclosed are compounds and compositions that can be used in the method.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying a wastewater stream WW1 contaminated with nitrobenzene, comprising (I) stripping of the wastewater stream WW1 with a stripping gas SG1 in a continuously operated stripping column to obtain a wastewater stream WW2 which contains nitrobenzene in a concentration reduced relative to WW1 (c.sub.NB,WW2), (II) further purification of the wastewater stream WW2 in a wastewater treatment plant, wherein a target value (c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET) is specified for the concentration of nitrobenzene in the wastewater stream WW2, which is greater than zero but takes into account the requirements of the wastewater treatment plant for the maximum content of nitrobenzene in the wastewater streams supplied thereto, wherein, for at least one combination of specified boundary conditions of (a) nitrobenzene concentration in WW1, (b) the temperature of WW1, and (c) the temperature of SG1, a set of linear mathematical relationships of the type m.sub.SG1=x.Math.m.sub.WW1 is stored in a database, which linear mathematical relationships define a range of concentrations of nitrobenzene in WW2, wherein the set comprises, in addition to a mathematical relationship (0) which corresponds to the target value c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET, at least a first mathematical relationship (1) for a first value of c.sub.NB,WW2, which corresponds to 98% of the target value c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET, and a second linear mathematical relationship (2) for a second value of c.sub.NB,WW2, which corresponds to 102% of the target value c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET, and wherein the flow rate of the stripping gas is adapted to the flow rate of the wastewater WW1 such that the flow rate of WW1 is within a range of values (AB) that is generated by the first mathematical relationship (1) and the second mathematical relationship (2) at the respective flow rate of WW1, and controlling the concentration of nitrobenzene in WW2 (c.sub.NB,WW2) by adjusting the flow rate of stripping gas SG1 accordingly in the event of a measured actual value of this concentration which is outside a window of >98% to <102% of the target value.

The present invention relates to a process for purifying a wastewater stream WW1 contaminated with nitrobenzene, comprising (I) stripping of the wastewater stream WW1 with a stripping gas SG1 in a continuously operated stripping column to obtain a wastewater stream WW2 which contains nitrobenzene in a concentration reduced relative to WW1 (c.sub.NB,WW2), (II) further purification of the wastewater stream WW2 in a wastewater treatment plant, wherein a target value (c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET) is specified for the concentration of nitrobenzene in the wastewater stream WW2, which is greater than zero but takes into account the requirements of the wastewater treatment plant for the maximum content of nitrobenzene in the wastewater streams supplied thereto, wherein, for at least one combination of specified boundary conditions of (a) nitrobenzene concentration in WW1, (b) the temperature of WW1, and (c) the temperature of SG1, a set of linear mathematical relationships of the type m.sub.SG1=x.Math.m.sub.WW1 is stored in a database, which linear mathematical relationships define a range of concentrations of nitrobenzene in WW2, wherein the set comprises, in addition to a mathematical relationship (0) which corresponds to the target value c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET, at least a first mathematical relationship (1) for a first value of c.sub.NB,WW2, which corresponds to 98% of the target value c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET, and a second linear mathematical relationship (2) for a second value of c.sub.NB,WW2, which corresponds to 102% of the target value c.sub.NB,WW2,TARGET, and wherein the flow rate of the stripping gas is adapted to the flow rate of the wastewater WW1 such that the flow rate of WW1 is within a range of values (AB) that is generated by the first mathematical relationship (1) and the second mathematical relationship (2) at the respective flow rate of WW1, and controlling the concentration of nitrobenzene in WW2 (c.sub.NB,WW2) by adjusting the flow rate of stripping gas SG1 accordingly in the event of a measured actual value of this concentration which is outside a window of >98% to <102% of the target value.

The invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for distributed management of raw water and internal combustion engine (ICE) gas emissions generated during industrial operations. One aspect of the invention at least partially utilizes a hot gas air knife to increase or partially increase surface area between a raw water and a hot gas in order to vaporize a proportion of the aqueous phase of the raw water and concentrate contaminants within a residual raw water concentrate. The water vapor generated by the vaporization process may be demisted, discharged directly to the atmosphere or alternatively condensed and captured for use. Another aspect relates to how the liquids and gasses interact to continuously flush the surfaces of the system which may help mitigate scaling issues. The invention may help facilitate rapid transfer of ICE combustion gas particulate and ICE combustion gas chemicals onto and into the raw water as it concentrates.

The invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for distributed management of raw water and internal combustion engine (ICE) gas emissions generated during industrial operations. One aspect of the invention at least partially utilizes a hot gas air knife to increase or partially increase surface area between a raw water and a hot gas in order to vaporize a proportion of the aqueous phase of the raw water and concentrate contaminants within a residual raw water concentrate. The water vapor generated by the vaporization process may be demisted, discharged directly to the atmosphere or alternatively condensed and captured for use. Another aspect relates to how the liquids and gasses interact to continuously flush the surfaces of the system which may help mitigate scaling issues. The invention may help facilitate rapid transfer of ICE combustion gas particulate and ICE combustion gas chemicals onto and into the raw water as it concentrates.

The invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for distributed management of raw water and internal combustion engine (ICE) gas emissions generated during industrial operations. One aspect of the invention at least partially utilizes a hot gas air knife to increase or partially increase surface area between a raw water and a hot gas in order to vaporize a proportion of the aqueous phase of the raw water and concentrate contaminants within a residual raw water concentrate. The water vapor generated by the vaporization process may be demisted, discharged directly to the atmosphere or alternatively condensed and captured for use. Another aspect relates to how the liquids and gasses interact to continuously flush the surfaces of the system which may help mitigate scaling issues. The invention may help facilitate rapid transfer of ICE combustion gas particulate and ICE combustion gas chemicals onto and into the raw water as it concentrates.

The invention relates to methods, systems and apparatus for distributed management of raw water and internal combustion engine (ICE) gas emissions generated during industrial operations. One aspect of the invention at least partially utilizes a hot gas air knife to increase or partially increase surface area between a raw water and a hot gas in order to vaporize a proportion of the aqueous phase of the raw water and concentrate contaminants within a residual raw water concentrate. The water vapor generated by the vaporization process may be demisted, discharged directly to the atmosphere or alternatively condensed and captured for use. Another aspect relates to how the liquids and gasses interact to continuously flush the surfaces of the system which may help mitigate scaling issues. The invention may help facilitate rapid transfer of ICE combustion gas particulate and ICE combustion gas chemicals onto and into the raw water as it concentrates.

An evaporator for submerged combustion and delayed evaporation, a method of the same and a system of combined evaporation devices, the evaporator for submerged combustion and delayed evaporation comprises: a housing formed with a space for containing an evaporating liquid; a separator plate arranged in an interior of the housing and dividing the housing into a heat transfer (submerged combustion) area and an evaporation area; a vapor chamber located above a liquid surface of the evaporation area; a flue gas chamber located above a liquid surface of the heat transfer area, wherein the flue gas chamber is provided with a flue gas outlet, the flue gas outlet is provided with a pressure valve which is capable of controlling a gas pressure within the flue gas chamber such that a gas pressure within the flue gas chamber is larger than a gas pressure within the vapor chamber.

An evaporator for submerged combustion and delayed evaporation, a method of the same and a system of combined evaporation devices, the evaporator for submerged combustion and delayed evaporation comprises: a housing formed with a space for containing an evaporating liquid; a separator plate arranged in an interior of the housing and dividing the housing into a heat transfer (submerged combustion) area and an evaporation area; a vapor chamber located above a liquid surface of the evaporation area; a flue gas chamber located above a liquid surface of the heat transfer area, wherein the flue gas chamber is provided with a flue gas outlet, the flue gas outlet is provided with a pressure valve which is capable of controlling a gas pressure within the flue gas chamber such that a gas pressure within the flue gas chamber is larger than a gas pressure within the vapor chamber.

This disclosure concerns a system for purifying contaminated water and a method for using the system. More specifically, the invention concerns removing contaminants, such as those introduced by fracking, from a contaminated water.