A system for generating a concentrated product from a feedstock includes a feedstock chamber to which the feedstock is provided, a heat exchanger assembly in thermal communication with the feedstock chamber, the heat exchanger assembly being configured to freeze the feedstock in the feedstock chamber, an output flow arrangement configured to carry liquid from the feedstock chamber as the feedstock thaws, the output flow arrangement comprising a flow controller, a sensor disposed along the output flow arrangement or the heat exchanger assembly, the sensor being configured to measure a characteristic of the liquid, the characteristic being indicative of a solute concentration level of the liquid or the heat exchanger assembly, and a processor responsive to the characteristic and configured to control the flow controller to, based on the solute concentration level, direct the liquid passing through the output flow arrangement to define a plurality of products at different concentration levels, the plurality of products comprising the concentrated product.

A system for generating a concentrated product from a feedstock includes a feedstock chamber to which the feedstock is provided, a heat exchanger assembly in thermal communication with the feedstock chamber, the heat exchanger assembly being configured to freeze the feedstock in the feedstock chamber, an output flow arrangement configured to carry liquid from the feedstock chamber as the feedstock thaws, the output flow arrangement comprising a flow controller, a sensor disposed along the output flow arrangement or the heat exchanger assembly, the sensor being configured to measure a characteristic of the liquid, the characteristic being indicative of a solute concentration level of the liquid or the heat exchanger assembly, and a processor responsive to the characteristic and configured to control the flow controller to, based on the solute concentration level, direct the liquid passing through the output flow arrangement to define a plurality of products at different concentration levels, the plurality of products comprising the concentrated product.

The present disclosure relates to a novel improved method for continuous crystallization of highly crystalline clathrate hydrates. The novel improved method utilizes a novel hydrator capable of overcoming heat and mass transfer limitations that usually constrain crystallization rate and thus reduces process productivity. The disclosed method and hydrator are for production of crystalline clathrates in general, CO.sub.2 capture, capture of other clathrate forming compounds, CO.sub.2 storage and transportation, storage and transportation of any clathrate forming compound in a solid lattice, gas separation or water desalination or purification purposes.

A process for treating waste fluid generated during a petrochemical process. The process comprises: subjecting at least one first water-based wastewater stream to at least one freeze concentration stage so as to produce a third clean water stream and a fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream, subjecting at least one second organic fluid-based waste fluid stream to at least one separation stage so as to produce a fifth purified product stream and a sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream, forwarding the fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream and the sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream to an incinerator, and incinerating the streams in the incinerator. The process is controlled such that incineration of the sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream generates at least 70% of an energy necessary to incinerate the fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream.

A process for treating waste fluid generated during a petrochemical process. The process comprises: subjecting at least one first water-based wastewater stream to at least one freeze concentration stage so as to produce a third clean water stream and a fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream, subjecting at least one second organic fluid-based waste fluid stream to at least one separation stage so as to produce a fifth purified product stream and a sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream, forwarding the fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream and the sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream to an incinerator, and incinerating the streams in the incinerator. The process is controlled such that incineration of the sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream generates at least 70% of an energy necessary to incinerate the fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream.

A pellet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes: a reactor part for producing and discharging either gas hydrate slurry or ice slurry; a pellet forming part which is provided at one side of the outer portion of the reactor part, and which compresses the slurry discharged from the reactor part, so as to form the same into a pellet shape; and a control part for controlling the operation of the reactor part and the pellet forming part, wherein the control part controls the operation of a heating module so that the internal temperature of a first pipe is adjusted to be within a predetermined temperature range when the pellets are formed.

A pellet manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes: a reactor part for producing and discharging either gas hydrate slurry or ice slurry; a pellet forming part which is provided at one side of the outer portion of the reactor part, and which compresses the slurry discharged from the reactor part, so as to form the same into a pellet shape; and a control part for controlling the operation of the reactor part and the pellet forming part, wherein the control part controls the operation of a heating module so that the internal temperature of a first pipe is adjusted to be within a predetermined temperature range when the pellets are formed.

A water treatment system is configured to remove salt from a feed brine. The water treatment system includes a primary freezing chamber configured to receive the feed brine and a source of cooled intermediate cold liquid connected to the primary freezing chamber. The cooled intermediate cold liquid and feed brine are mixed within the primary freezing chamber, where ice particles are formed. The water treatment system includes a rotary separator connected to a discharge from the primary freezing chamber. The rotary separator is configured to separate solid ice particles from liquid components in the discharge from the primary freezing chamber. In some embodiments, the rotary separator includes a mesh inner filter tube that is configured for rotation within a solid outer filter tube, where the mesh inner filter tube allows liquid components to drain into the outer filter tube while conveying solid ice particles to an ice recovery tank.

A water treatment system is configured to remove salt from a feed brine. The water treatment system includes a primary freezing chamber configured to receive the feed brine and a source of cooled intermediate cold liquid connected to the primary freezing chamber. The cooled intermediate cold liquid and feed brine are mixed within the primary freezing chamber, where ice particles are formed. The water treatment system includes a rotary separator connected to a discharge from the primary freezing chamber. The rotary separator is configured to separate solid ice particles from liquid components in the discharge from the primary freezing chamber. In some embodiments, the rotary separator includes a mesh inner filter tube that is configured for rotation within a solid outer filter tube, where the mesh inner filter tube allows liquid components to drain into the outer filter tube while conveying solid ice particles to an ice recovery tank.

This disclosure provides an integrated system and method for producing purified water, hydrogen, and oxygen from contaminated water. The contaminated water may be derived from regolith-based resources on the moon, Mars, near-Earth asteroids, or other destination in outer space. The integrated system and method utilize a cold trap to receive the contaminated water in a vapor phase and selectively freeze out water from one or more volatiles. A heat source increases temperature in the cold trap to vaporize the frozen contaminated water to produce a gas stream of water vapor and volatiles. A chemical scrubber may remove one or more volatiles. The integrated system and method utilize ionomer membrane technology to separate the water vapor from remaining volatiles. The water vapor is delivered for crew use or delivered to an electrolyzer to produce hydrogen and oxygen.