A plasma water treatment apparatus includes a plasma generator that generates plasma in water, and a porous dielectric that adsorbs nitrogen oxide generated in the water, surrounds the plasma generator, and includes silicon dioxide powder and carbon powder, thereby removing color of wastewater.

A water treatment system includes a water inlet that intakes water to be treated, a high voltage (HV) electrode having a porous metal surface area in a range of between 0.1 cm.sup.2 and 5 cm.sup.2 in fluid communication with the water, such that the water flows through the porous metal surface area of the HV electrode, a ground electrode disposed across a gap from the HV electrode, in fluid communication with the water, a high voltage power supply electrically connected to the HV electrode for generating spark plasma or pulsed electric fields having a rise time equal to or less than 60 nanoseconds (ns) and an amplitude greater than or equal to 30 kV/cm across the gap, thereby producing treated water, and a water outlet that discharges the treated water.

The disclosure relates to a flexible active species generator comprising: a first electrode of a conductive metal thin film; a second electrode of a ground electrode; a flexible dielectric layer of an insulator formed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a plasma resistant functional layer formed between the dielectric layer and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to an external power supply to generate an atmospheric pressure plasma to generate active species. The flexible active species generator has a plasma resistant function to prevent deformation and decomposition of an insulator caused by the plasma as well as an active species generating function from atmospheric pressure plasma, and has durability and safety, which is thus applicable to articles, foods, garments and human body in various forms.

A system for generation of radicals in a liquid (e.g., OH and derivatively H.sub.2O.sub.2 in water) by a plasma reactor, including a first electrode having a rod shape or a tubular shape; a dielectric tubular housing coaxial with the first electrode and enclosing the first electrode, and having a gap to the first electrode of 0.3-30 mm; a second electrode on an outside of the dielectric tubular housing and coaxial with first electrode with a gap 0.3-30 mm; a high voltage power supply providing voltage oscillations or pulses of 0.5-30 kV and a frequency 1-50 kHz between the first and second electrodes; and a pump or a Venturi injector on an output of the plasma reactor and a chock valve on an input of reactor for generating a low water pressure in the gap between first and second electrodes so as to generate boiling in the gap.

A water treatment apparatus includes: a plurality of plate-shaped ground electrodes; a high-voltage electrode unit having counter electrode portions opposing the ground electrodes, support portions supporting the counter electrode portions, and a voltage receiving portion for receiving a high voltage; a water supply unit for supplying to-be-treated water to between the ground electrodes from above, insulating members each having a lower end portion fixed to a support structure fixing lower end portions of the ground electrodes, and an upper end portion connected to the voltage receiving portion of the high-voltage electrode unit. The lower ends of the support portions of the high-voltage electrode unit are held in a space between the ground electrodes, and a portion where each insulating member and the high-voltage electrode unit are connected to each other is located above the water supply unit, so that electric leak due to the to-be-treated water is inhibited.

A water treatment device includes: an electrode structure installed in a storage space in which water is stored or in a flow space in which water flows so as to cause an underwater plasma discharge; and a gas supply module for supplying a gas to the storage space or the flow space such that bubbles are supplied underwater, as a discharge gas, to the electrode structure, wherein the electrode structure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode; and a dielectric member disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A submerged plasma generator includes: a reactor inside of which a flow path, through which a working fluid passes, is formed along a lengthwise direction; and a dielectric insert which is disposed in the flow path so as to define the flow path into one space and the other space, and has formed therein a through-hole to generate micro-nano bubbles by cavitation in the working fluid fed into the one space of the flow path, and includes, a metallic catalyst which undergoes friction with the working fluid flowing through the through-hole and releases electric charges of the same polarity to the micro-nano bubbles to collapse the micro-nano bubbles and generate plasma; in which the other space of the flow path in which the working fluid ionized by exposure to the plasma travels is formed in an oval structure.

The present invention describes a PEF (pulsed electric field) chamber 1 intended for treating a flow with electric field pulses, said PEF chamber comprising a PEF treatment tube 2 and opposite electrode units 3, 4, wherein said opposite electrode units 3, 4 each has one flow receiving end 5a, 5b and one flow exit end 6a, 6b, wherein the PEF treatment tube 2 comprises exit flow portions 7a, 7b arranged subsequent to the flow exit ends 6a, 6b of the electrode units 3, 4 in the intended flow direction, and thus functioning as an extension of the opposite electrode units 3, 4 in the intended flow direction, wherein the exit flow portions 7a, 7b of the PEF treatment tube 2 are arranged to provide a geometrical narrowing 20 subsequent to the flow exit ends 6a, 6b.

An algae treatment device of the present invention is installed in a ship or a barge and selectively destroys only the air-sacs of algae by discharging high-voltage micro pulses into waters of interest in which green tide or red tide has occurred. Thus, the algae treatment device can efficiently solve green tide or red tide by treating algae using a minimal amount of chemicals, or none at all.

Various embodiments of the present invention relate to, among other things, systems for generating engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) comprising reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methods for inactivating at least one of viruses, bacteria, bacterial spores, and fungi in or on a wound of a subject in need thereof or on produce by applying EWNS to the wound or to the produce.