A forward osmosis filtration cell is provided which includes a fluid passageway and a forward osmosis filtration membrane positioned within the passageway. The filtration membrane divides the fluid passageway into two chambers, a first chamber configured to hold a draw solution, and a second chamber configured to hold a feed solution. The filtration cell further includes a first electrode positioned in the first chamber, and a second electrode positioned in the second chamber. The first and second electrodes are configured to apply an electric field across the filtration membrane to prevent fouling on the filtration membrane. A method of using a forward osmosis filtration cell in a water treatment system, and a method of retrofitting a water treatment system with first and second electrodes are also provided.

A device includes a tube body 110 being filled with water; an induction coil 120 installed at a center inside the tube body 110; and a plurality of heating plates 130, 140 arranged around the induction coil 120. The device further includes a high frequency generator 180 for applying high-frequency power to the induction coil 120 to heat the plurality of heating plates 130, 140, resulting in that the water in the tube body 110 is heated and converted into micro-cluster magnetized water; and a tube 150, positioned between a pair of magnets 160, 170 for causing the micro-cluster magnetized water to pass through an N-pole and an S-pole resulting from the pair of magnets 160, 170, thereby providing it as magnetized water exhibiting a high degree of electric conductivity.

Provided are water treatment systems and methods of treating water. A water treatment system comprises a first wire coil wrapped around a water pipe at a first angle, wherein the first angle is less than 90°, as measured from a direction of water flow through the water pipe; a second wire coil wrapped around the water pipe at a second angle, wherein the second angle is more than 90°, as measured from the direction of water flow through the water pipe; and a controller configured to send a first electric current to the first wire coil to generate a first magnetic field and a second electric current to the second wire coil to generate a second magnetic field.

Systems and methods are disclosed for cleaning and sterilizing fluids and other materials. In one implementation, one or more emitters are submerged within a fluid and emit electromagnetic waves having a variable frequency. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves is swept across a frequency range to neutralize bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens in the fluid. The emitters may be submerged within a fluid reservoir and/or within the interior of an enclosed fluidic path (e.g., a pipe). Solid materials may be sterilized by immersing the solid materials within the fluid of such a fluid reservoir. In another implementation, electromagnetic waves may be applied to one or more wires that are wrapped around an exterior wall of a pipe. The frequency of the electromagnetic waves may be varied across a frequency range, resulting in scale and other materials being cleaned from the interior wall of the pipe.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include systems and methods for enhancing the performance and efficiency of separation processes. The methods include flowing a fluid through a processing zone defined by an antiferromagnetic portion of a conduit and, as the fluid flows through the processing zone, exposing the fluid to a magnetic field produced by oscillating electromagnetic waves, wherein the direction of the magnetic field is generally counter to the direction in which the fluid is flowing. The systems include magnetic treatment units, separation systems, and the like.

A device for treating fluids, comprising: —at least one electromagnetic field inductor element made of magnetically permeable material, configured to be coupled at a predetermined distance with respect to a duct within which said fluids flow in use, —a radiofrequency generator, comprising an output configured to supply a radiofrequency signal to the electromagnetic field inductor element; —wherein said radio frequency generator comprises an operating configuration in which it generates a signal comprising at least one pulses packet in turn comprising at least a first pulses train and a second pulses train; said first pulses train having a first predefined frequency; said second pulses train having a second predefined frequency; said first predefined frequency being distinct from the second predefined frequency.

A plasma activated water production system includes a plasma reactor and a membrane concentrator. The plasma reactor includes an internal cavity, at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary and outlet capillary. A mixing chamber has a feed gas inlet, a liquid inlet, and a mixed gas and liquid outlet. A power source is provided. The plasma reactor propagates a plasma discharge between the inlet capillary and the outlet capillary. A membrane concentrator includes a water flow channel with a water inlet and a water outlet, a dry gas inlet and a humidified gas outlet. An ion selective membrane is provided, and water will pass through the membrane into the dry gas, and the water leaving the membrane concentrator will have increased concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide. An electrodialysis embodiment and a method of generating plasma activated with increased concentration of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide are also disclosed.

Embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods and systems for treating irrigation water by introducing a propagating electromagnetic field into the irrigation water as it flows through an irrigation system. The treatments described herein may have a variety of beneficial effects when applied to hydrophobic soils, including a significant increase in the percentage of the water that is maintained in the root zone of a given crop as plant-available water and the essential mineral, e.g. calcium and/or magnesium, uptake of that crop. The treatments described herein may also have beneficial effects when applied to hydrophilic soils, and particularly high salinity, hydrophilic soils, including a reduction in the soil salinity, including the amount of chlorates, within a root zone of a crop.

Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, for desalinization purposes and to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of agricultural high-efficiency water-saving irrigation, and relates to a magnetization control apparatus for preventing clogging of a drip irrigation system irrigator and a control method thereof. The method includes: pumping irrigation water from the water source project through the first water pump, passing through the drip irrigation head control hub, and entering the pool; pumping the irrigation water through the second water pump, flowing through the first copper valve, and entering the magnetized pipe; the irrigation water after treated by the magnetizer returning to the pool through the flow rate monitor and the first valve in turn; when water quality of the irrigation water meets water quality requirements entering the capillary pipes, turning off the second water pump and stopping the cyclic magnetization treatment; the third water pump turning on; pumping the irrigation water after the cyclic magnetization treatment from the pool through the third water pump, and filtering through the mesh filter, entering the branch pipe and the capillary pipes through the second valve again; and the irrigation water flowing from the irrigators for irrigation. The present disclosure effectively solves the clogging problem of the drip irrigation system irrigator, has the advantages of cleanliness and high-efficiency; improves crop yield and quality, has a simple operation mode, and is convenient for users to operate.