Methods and systems are provided for desalting wash water treatment and recycling processes and control of those processes. More specifically, treatment of wash water and wastewater streams using forward osmosis are provided. Additional methods and systems for desalting processes are provided, including recycling wash water. Methods for controlling operations of desalting systems and processes are provided.

A wastewater management system includes a series of water treatment modules to treat wastewater and produce reusable and/or potable water and other beneficial byproducts of the wastewater treatment process. A pretreatment module, a filtration module, an evaporator module, an odor control module, a UV-light module, an autoclave module, a sonolysis module, an ozone module and a chlorination module are combined in multiple combinations along with holding tanks, condensers, flash tanks and other components to address water purification and reclamation needs based upon specific wastewater conditions. The system captures condensate from AC systems and rainwater from rainwater gutter systems processes the water to produce reusable and/or potable water with or without re-mineralization. Any CO.sub.2 produced by the water treatment system is captured and processed using naturally-occurring flora. The wastewater treatment system includes multiple closed-loop subsystems to minimize energy usage and maximize water purification and reclamation for reuse.

This invention relates to the use of chlorite-based antimicrobials in a manner where the time of biocidal activity is extended for the microbial control in the water used for drilling, completion and remediation of wells. The invention involves mixing of a compatible extender in the form of sodium chlorate with sodium chlorite to form an antimicrobial formulation. This combination is used with an acid on the site to generate chlorine dioxide which is injected into the water used for hydraulic fracturing or remedial workover. The formulation is a much more effective bactericide for the subterranean oil and gas rich formations. The potency and longevity of biocidal activity is controlled by varying the ratios of chlorate and acid which provide different profiles of the antimicrobial activities.

This invention relates to the use of chlorite-based antimicrobials in a manner where the time of biocidal activity is extended for the microbial control in the water used for drilling, completion and remediation of wells. The invention involves mixing of a compatible extender in the form of sodium chlorate with sodium chlorite to form an antimicrobial formulation. This combination is used with an acid on the site to generate chlorine dioxide which is injected into the water used for hydraulic fracturing or remedial workover. The formulation is a much more effective bactericide for the subterranean oil and gas rich formations. The potency and longevity of biocidal activity is controlled by varying the ratios of chlorate and acid which provide different profiles of the antimicrobial activities.

A wastewater recycling system includes a biological reactor having anaerobic, anoxic, and aerobic chambers. A lift station including a pump is operatively connected to the biological reactor. The lift station receives biologically treated liquid from the biological reactor and pumps the liquid from the lift station. A filtration subsystem is operatively connected to the lift station. The filtration subsystem receives and filters the liquid pumped by the lift station. The filtration subsystem includes a salt-rejecting membrane filter comprising a concentrate recirculation conduit operatively connected to recirculate salt-rejecting membrane filter concentrate to a point along the wastewater recycling system upstream of the salt-rejecting membrane filter, thereby forming a salt concentration loop between said point along the wastewater recycling system and the salt-rejecting membrane filter. A post-filtration subsystem is operatively connected to receive salt-rejecting membrane filter permeate, and comprises a water disinfection system that disinfects the permeate thereby generating potable water.

Provided herein are methods of inactivating a mosquito larva, the methods comprising exposing the larva to an aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment solution for a minimum contact time, wherein the aqueous chlorine dioxide treatment solution comprises a residual chlorine dioxide concentration at the conclusion of the minimum contact time. Also provided herein are methods of treating a body of water containing a mosquito larva. The methods are effective to inactivate the larva, thereby preventing growth of mosquito populations and the related spread of mosquito-borne disease.

In one embodiment, a system includes a disinfection system configured to disinfect a first fluid. The system further includes a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system configured to treat a second fluid, wherein the disinfection system is fluidly coupled to the MBBR system upstream of the MBBR system, downstream of the MBBR, or wherein the disinfection system is disposed in the MBBR system.

In one embodiment, a system includes a disinfection system configured to disinfect a first fluid. The system further includes a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) system configured to treat a second fluid, wherein the disinfection system is fluidly coupled to the MBBR system upstream of the MBBR system, downstream of the MBBR, or wherein the disinfection system is disposed in the MBBR system.

A method of increasing operational efficiency of a power plant includes determining an average rate of accumulation of scale-forming compounds in a cooling water source, directing water from the cooling water source having a first concentration of scale forming compounds through a treatment system to produce a treated water having a lower concentration of scale-forming components than the first concentration by operating the treatment system with operating parameters selected such that a rate of removal of the scale-forming components from the water in the treatment system is greater than the average rate of accumulation of the scale-forming components, directing the treated water back into the cooling water source, and circulating water including the treated water from the cooling water source through a cooling system of the power plant.

The present invention relates to a ballast water treatment pack comprising: a chlorine-based sterilizing agent; and a wrapper formed of a water-soluble film or a water-soluble fiber entangled body for wrapping the chlorine-based sterilizing agent.