A waste water treatment system for removing contaminant chemicals, bacteria and organic matter to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the biological oxygen demand (BOD). The system uses thermal energy to remove chemicals that can be oxidized to reduce the COD, and to destroy bacteria and organic matter to reduce the BOD of the treated water. The system can include an expansion chamber and a nozzle to create steam which can be used as thermal energy to heat the waste water and provide the proper treatment to reduce the COD and BOD of the processed waste water.

Remediation geotextile device, including a geotextile mattress-like component, configured to contain an active granular material for filtering and treating contaminated groundwater and/or sediment porewater. The geotextile device including a six-sided, or substantially rectangular, mattress-like component, including an upper geotextile layer and a lower geotextile layer that are connected at intervals with sets of interior geotextile straps.

Provided is a microbial fuel cell including a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode includes a waterproof gas diffusion layer including a siloxane and a catalyst layer including a binder, wherein a surface of the gas diffusion layer opposite the catalyst layer contacts air, and the anode includes electrogenic bacteria. Also provided is a method for making a microbial fuel cell, including fabricating a cathode, wherein fabricating includes disposing a siloxane solution onto a surface of a substrate, wherein the siloxane solution includes a siloxane and a solvent, drying the siloxane solution to form a waterproof gas diffusion layer, and placing the gas diffusion layer on a catalyst layer including a binder, and facing an anode with the cathode whereby the gas diffusion layer faces away from the anode and contacts air.

The present disclosure provides an in-situ method for removing sulfates. The method comprises delivering at least one low molecular weight organic compound (LMWOC) to soil or groundwater to attain a concentration of the LMWOC of 750-3000 mg/L, such as 1000-2000 mg/L, or about 1500 mg/L, especially whereby sulfate is reduced to below 250 mg/L in the soil or groundwater. The method may further comprise contacting the soil or groundwater with an oxidizer, such as hydrogen peroxide, whereby the concentration of metals or metalloids is reduced in the soil or groundwater.

Multilayered electrolyte compositions and methods for their manufacture and use are described. The compositions can have an inner core and one or more coating layers. The compositions can contain at least one chlorine source and at least one citrate salt. The compositions are useful for treating water to improve safety, among other things.

The present disclosure relates to a multipurpose casing device (MCD) which controls fluid flow in a filter casing for the primary purpose of directing contaminated fluid (e.g., groundwater) to contact treatment media inside a fluid-treatment cartridge by sealing off an annular space between the filter casing and the cartridge. The MCD assembly also permits hydraulic testing of the integrity of a barrier wall attached to a filter casing by sealing off an inlet or an outlet screen of a filter casing. The MCD assembly allows measurements of physical or chemical properties of a fluid at a specific elevation in a filter casing using hollow core tools connected to an MCD. The MCD can further be used to surge fluids through inlet and/or outlet screens of filter casing that may need to be periodically cleaned.

Systems and methods are provided for nitrogen gas sparging assisted biological treatment of water. In one example, a denitrification system may include a media-packed column or bed through which nitrogen gas is sparged to remove dissolved oxygen from water. In some examples, an external carbon source and electron donor may be added to the media-packed column or bed to facilitate biological removal of the nitrate and/or other contaminants from the water. In this way, by relying on the sparged nitrogen gas to remove the dissolved oxygen, less of the external carbon source and electron donor may be employed as compared to denitrification systems not assisted by nitrogen gas sparging.

Multilayered electrolyte compositions and methods for their manufacture and use are described. The compositions can have an inner core and one or more coating layers. The compositions can contain at least one chlorine source and at least one citrate salt. The compositions are useful for treating water to improve safety, among other things.

The invention relates to a method for microbial remediation of underground water petroleum hydrocarbon contamination by regulating soil buffer capability, which comprises detecting the soil particle size of contaminated site soil, dividing the contaminated site soil into coarse-grained soil and fine-grained soil; dividing the contaminated site soil into high buffer capacity soil and low buffer capacity soil; and adjusting the composition and ratio of a biostimulant solution added to the contaminated site soil based on the classification of the contaminated site soil. The detecting step includes classifying soil with a particle size between 0.075 mm and 60 mm and a mass greater than or equal to 50% of the total mass as coarse-grained soil; and classifying soil with a particle size not greater than 0.075 mm and a mass greater than or equal to 50% as fine-grained soil.

A two-stage treatment process for destroying per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in an aqueous stream. The two-stage treatment process uses a combination of multifunctional crystalline molecular sieves, such as zeolites and zeotypes, to separate PFAS from the aqueous stream, catalytically decompose and defluorinate any PFAS molecules, and generate non-toxic waste products that are safe for disposal. The first stage includes adsorption of the PFAS within one of a pair of vessels containing porous, hydrophobic, hydrothermally stable molecular sieves, dehydration of the captured PFAS on the sieves, and catalytic ozonation of the captured PFAS molecules on the dried sieves. The second stage involves catalytic decomposition and neutralization of the ozonation results with one of a pair of vessels including a zeolite-supported CaO catalyst, catalytic oxidation of any toxic CO generated by the decomposition, and an acid wash for regeneration of the spent catalyst.