The present invention relates to a method for recovering N, K, and P from liquid waste stream, preferably from a stream of urine, or from a stream comprising excreta (e.g. faeces, manure, digestate, fertilizer), or from (concentrated) wastewater, for example, municipal (e.g. sewage, septic) and/or industrial wastewater (e.g. food and feed industry, agriculture, mining, etc.); more preferably from urine, such as human or animal urine; most preferably from human urine.

The present disclosure relates to a novel improved method for continuous crystallization of highly crystalline clathrate hydrates. The novel improved method utilizes a novel hydrator capable of overcoming heat and mass transfer limitations that usually constrain crystallization rate and thus reduces process productivity. The disclosed method and hydrator are for production of crystalline clathrates in general, CO.sub.2 capture, capture of other clathrate forming compounds, CO.sub.2 storage and transportation, storage and transportation of any clathrate forming compound in a solid lattice, gas separation or water desalination or purification purposes.

A method of extracting lithium from a lithium-containing solution according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: obtaining a lithium chloride solution from the lithium-containing solution; and crystallizing and removing sodium chloride in the obtained lithium chloride solution.

Disclosed is a system for producing magnesium hydroxide including: a generation unit; and a recovery unit connected to the generation unit, wherein the generation unit has a reaction tank in which a calcium hydroxide slurry is added to water to be treated containing magnesium ions to crystallize magnesium hydroxide and to obtain a reaction slurry containing particles of magnesium hydroxide, and a sedimentation tank in which the reaction slurry is reserved to sediment the particles and to separate the reaction slurry into a separation slurry containing the particles at a high concentration and a separation liquid containing the particles at a low concentration, and wherein, in the recovery unit, an alkaline aqueous solution is added to the separation liquid to crystallize magnesium hydroxide and to obtain the reaction slurry and then the reaction slurry is reserved to sediment the particles and to recover the sedimented particles.

Provided are a biomineralogical method for removing cesium ions. The method for removing cesium ions, the method comprising: adding metal-reducing bacteria, an iron source, and a sulfur source into a solution containing the cesium ions to convert the cesium ions into a solid mineral incorporating cesium. The method for removing cesium ions according to the present invention has advantages in that the cesium ions may be removed with high efficiency and small volume even in the case in which competing ions are present at a high concentration like sea water.

This invention relates in general to a system for treating hard water encountered in aircraft potable water equipment; such as hot water heaters and, more particularly, to the prevention of scale deposits in aircraft lavatory and galley heated water system components by installing a unique scale reduction system. The scale reduction system generally comprised of a housing with a modular cartridge inserted therein. The cartridge is porous and contains a chemical composition within its inner cavity, and this chemical composition is mixed with untreated inlet fluid flow so that the outlet flow is of a sufficiently diluted concentration. Various chemical compositions may be utilized to counteract any number of conditions that affect potable water equipment and, in one embodiment, a water softening agent is utilized to combat scale build-up in aircraft plumbing.

A process for treating waste fluid generated during a petrochemical process. The process comprises: subjecting at least one first water-based wastewater stream to at least one freeze concentration stage so as to produce a third clean water stream and a fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream, subjecting at least one second organic fluid-based waste fluid stream to at least one separation stage so as to produce a fifth purified product stream and a sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream, forwarding the fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream and the sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream to an incinerator, and incinerating the streams in the incinerator. The process is controlled such that incineration of the sixth concentrated organic fluid-based waste fluid stream generates at least 70% of an energy necessary to incinerate the fourth concentrated water-based wastewater stream.

A system and method for treating reverse-osmosis (RO) concentrated water with high temporary hardness. The system includes a crystallization unit, a precipitation unit, a dewatering unit, and a programmable logic controller (PLC) system. The crystallization unit, precipitation unit and dewatering unit are connected in series, and the PLC system is configured to control pumps, valves, and displays in the crystallization unit, precipitation unit and dewatering unit. The crystallization unit includes a storage tank and a crystallization reactor communicated therewith. The crystallization reactor is provided with a pH meter, a liquid-level gauge, and a stirrer. A connection pipe between the crystallization reactor and the RO concentrated water is provided with an inlet pump and a inlet valve. A connection pipe between the crystallization reactor and the storage tank is provided with a feeding pump and a feeding valve.

Divalent ions are extracted from solids by leaching to form a divalent ion-containing solution. The divalent ion-containing solution is subjected to concentration to form a concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. Precipitation of a divalent ion hydroxide salt is induced from the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution. In other cases, the concentrated divalent ion-containing solution is exposed to carbon dioxide to induce precipitation of a divalent ion carbonate salt.

Methods are provided for treating intimately dispersed mixtures of water, bitumen, and fine clay particles, such as oil sands mature fine tailings (MFT). Select methods use dissolved silicate ions and a base (alkali), optionally in combination with a biopolymer, to flocculate a slurry. A mixing regime is disclosed involving the addition to MFT of silicate ions in solution and alkali, to initiate aggregation/destabilization of clay particles. Methods are exemplified that provide distinct sediment layers in conjunction with the release of residual bitumen (for example 40-50% of the initial bitumen content). In these exemplified embodiments, a densely packed bottom layer containing ˜75 wt. % solids showed high yield stress values (3.5-5.5 kPa) and entrapped little residual bitumen (0.2-0.3 wt. %). The methods accordingly segregate a material suitable for reclamation.