The present subject matter relates to a composition for in-situ remediation of soil and aquifer comprising of a water miscible oil; a solvent (for dissolving the vegetable oil to form a solution); and a catalyst (selected from enzymes biocatalysts, particularly lipases, alkaline compounds, heat or combinations thereof). The present subject matter provides a process for the preparation of the composition and application of the same for surface remediation. Further, the present subject matter provides an in-situ alcoholysis remediation method to reduce contaminant concentrations in aquifer and soil by enabling the generation of both soluble and slowly fermenting electron donors required for the anaerobic remediation of organohalide compounds contaminating soils and groundwater. The method of remediation includes mixing an engineered water-soluble oil or water miscible oil with a solvent and adding a catalyst to groundwater to promote the formation of fatty acid alkyl esters, carboxylic acid salts and glycerol.

Drying the effluent from the trinitrotoluene (TNT) purification process, known as red water, is described that uses spray drying in an efficient, improved, and safe manner. The characteristics of the obtained powder, the use thereof, and a packaged product containing said powder are further described. The proposed technique provides the use of lower temperatures at liquid incineration (<300° C. compared to 1000° C.), and also the fact that the main target material is not broken down, thereby not generating toxic fumes, and enabling the dry powder to be used for other applications.

Systems and processes for treating a contaminated aqueous flow which includes contaminants, such as munitions contaminants including metallic contaminants, energetic material contaminants, and/or propellant contaminants, are disclosed. The systems include an adsorption layer which includes bone char particulates, titanium dioxide particulates and/or aluminum oxide particulates which promotes adsorption of the contaminants upon contact of the contaminated stream and the adsorption layer so as to produce a treated aqueous flow, which is depleted in the munitions contaminants. Optionally, the adsorption layer can be buried in granulates particles so the contaminated aqueous water can percolate down through the earth and towards the adsorption layer, so the treated water can further percolate through the earth. The system can alternatively include more than one adsorption layer, which can be arranged in series or in parallel, in situ or ex situ.

An iron containing bioreactor for treating explosive compounds and other organics in contaminated surface water is disclosed. The bioreactor can be located either on-ground or in-ground at a location across which contaminated surface water flows. In one configuration the reactor is made up of (i) indigenous microbes, (ii) acetate, (iii) a low density iron-containing bed, and contains anaerobic zones in at least one portion of the flowpath. The reactor reduces the concentration of explosive compounds to below 10 ppb and also maintains this explosive compound reduction level for a period of at least one year without replenishing the microbes or iron.

A method and a system for in-situ remediation of recalcitrant organic and inorganic contaminants in an environmental medium are disclosed. Dissolved gases from water and an oil are removed to form degassed water and a degassed oil. The degassed water and the degassed oil are mixed to form a surfactant-free oil-in water emulsion. The surfactant-free oil-in-water emulsion is injected into the environmental medium, thereby producing anaerobic conditions to cause indigenous anerobic bacteria to biodegrade residual concentrations of the contaminants in the environmental medium.

Chemically oxidizing a wide range of targeted contaminants in soils, sludges, groundwater, process water, and wastewater and assisting in the eventual (over time) biological attenuation of the contaminants utilizing persulfates activated by trivalent metals, such as ferric iron. The use of trivalent metal activated persulfate results in a chemical oxidation process that yields degradation compounds which facilitate further attenuation via biological processes.

Disclosed are stable zero-valent metal and oxidized black carbon admixtures and their use, to catalyze rapid reductive degradation reactions in aqueous solutions. The compositions and remediation methods are used in the non-explosive neutralization and decomposition of ammonium nitrate.

TA method for treating an aqueous solution containing ammonium perchlorate and optionally nitrate ions, the method having a nitrification/denitrification sequence then a step of reducing perchlorates, the liquid effluent obtained at the end of this step of reducing perchlorates being subjected to a first membrane filtration, the liquid effluent obtained following this first membrane filtration being put into contact, in a reactor in aerobic conditions, with microorganisms able to carry out the oxidation of organic materials, then the liquid effluent leaving this reactor being subjected to a second membrane filtration, the first membrane filtration and the second membrane filtration being carried out on the same membrane filtration unit.

A method for treating chemicals below ground is provided. The system includes contacting the chemicals with a rhizosphere to maximize transpiration rate and minimize over-saturation of the rhizosphere. Also provided is a method for using contaminated groundwater as a sole source of irrigation. The method uses extracting the contaminated water and pumping the extracted water to an irrigation zone under the control of an autonomous irrigation system. Each zone includes some trees and the root system for each tree is modified to function as a treatment cell. The invention also provides a system for treating contaminated water, using a contaminated water source situated below ground surface. The system uses a pump for extracting contaminated water from the water source and prevents the contaminated water from directly contacting the atmosphere above the ground surface. Vegetation which defines an underground rhizosphere is adapted to directly receive the water.

The present subject matter relates to a composition for in-situ remediation of soil and aquifer comprising of a water miscible oil; a solvent (for dissolving the vegetable oil to form a solution); and a catalyst (selected from enzymes biocatalysts, particularly lipases, alkaline compounds, heat or combinations thereof). The present subject matter provides a process for the preparation of the composition and application of the same for surface remediation. Further, the present subject matter provides an in-situ alcoholysis remediation method to reduce contaminant concentrations in aquifer and soil by enabling the generation of both soluble and slowly fermenting electron donors required for the anaerobic remediation of organohalide compounds contaminating soils and groundwater. The method of remediation includes mixing an engineered water-soluble oil or water miscible oil with a solvent and adding a catalyst to groundwater to promote the formation of fatty acid alkyl esters, carboxylic acid salts and glycerol.