The present invention pertains to a process for treating waste water from mining. The process involves contacting the mining waste water with an emulsion of a nano scale compound comprising iron, magnesium, or both. Mixing results in a substantially foam-like layer at the surface of the mixture which may be further oxidized to form treated water.

A water purification apparatus includes a water intake configured to receive water to the water purification apparatus, a filter part including a plurality of filters configured to filter the water and generate purified water, a water outlet including a plurality of water outlet ports configured to discharge the purified water, and one or more pipes that define a water purification path configured to guide the water from the water intake through at least one of the plurality of filters to thereby provide the purified water to at least one of the plurality of water outlet ports.

Reactive treatment cells (RTCs) are described in combination with sediment capping systems as a means for environmental remediation. RTCs include an impermeable housing defining an interior, a permeable ceiling and floor typically including filtration materials such as geotextiles, and at least one interior compartment for treatment reagents. One RTC includes a gabion-like cage structure retaining a geomembrane-supported geosynthetic clay liner (GM-GCL) housing, while a second embodiment includes a hard, cylindrical shell as a replaceable reagent cartridge. RTCs may be employed in initial capping system installations or retrofitted into existing capping systems. RTCs may include optional baffles, flow restrictors, floating discs, sensor probes, and two or more serial reagent zones or compartments.

A combined water aeration and filtration unit (WAFU), having a tank with a vent section at a top of said WAFU and above an aeration section above a filtration section at a bottom of said WAFU. The vent section has one or more demisters and one or more vents for detraining water and providing a dry air exit from said WAFU. The air section has a water inlet ending in a spray nozzle near the top of the aeration section to turn incoming dirty water into water droplets and a forced air blower on a side or top of the aeration section for blowing air through said water droplets in rate sufficient to remove volatile organic compounds and precipitate manganese and iron. The aeration section also has one or more annular rings or partially annular baffles on an inside wall of the tank to force water from said inside wall into an interior of the tank. Thus, no water escapes aeration. A backwash collection trough and backwash water outlet are positioned above the filtration section for removing dirty backwash water from the unit. The filtration section has one or more filters therein and a drain and clean water outlet near its bottom for egress of clean water from said WAFU.

A process for preparing a granular composite adsorbent, that includes combining poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium halide) and a clay mineral in water, maintaining the mixture under stirring, recovering a wet mass, forming the wet mass into granules and drying the granules to obtain the granular adsorbent having surface layer with positive zeta potential. The granular material and methods using the granular material in water treatment are also disclosed.

Use of Keplerate type polyoxomolybdates of the general structure Mo.sub.72M.sub.30, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Cr, V or Mo.sub.2, for decontaminating aqueous media (water) from inorganic and organic pollutants.

A method and system for treating and purifying saltwater contaminated by volatile compounds. The saltwater is evaporated resulting in a gas composed of water vapor and gaseous volatile compounds. The gas is condensed into a condensate containing the contaminated volatile compounds which is biologically treated to remove the volatile compounds thereby producing purified water. The latent heat released by condensing is used to evaporate the purified water into the atmosphere in an energy efficient manner.

Methods and systems for converting ammonium waste streams into certifiably Organic ammonium salts having a variety of uses in greenhouse gas-reducing activities are herein described. The resulting ammonium salt compositions can be used to enhance crop yield.

A nucleophilic substitution reaction to crosslink cyclodextrin (CD) polymer with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high surface area, mesoporous CD-containing polymers (P-CDPs). The P-CDPs can be used for removing organic contaminants from water. By encapsulating pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes with complementary selectivities to activated carbon (AC) sorbents. The P-CDPs can rapidly sequester pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic micropollutants, achieving equilibrium binding capacity in seconds with adsorption rate constants 15-200 times greater than ACs and nonporous CD sorbents. The CD polymer can be regenerated several times, through a room temperature washing procedure, with no loss in performance.

A method of water treatment includes providing water that includes at least one contaminant. An effective amount of at least one filter media is added to the to the water that includes at least one contaminant. The water and the at least one filter media are agitated to form a homogeneous mixture. A cationic biopolymer is added to the homogeneous mixture of water and the at least one filter media. The water is separated from the at least one contaminant and the at least one filter media.