A method for producing and using an alkaline aqueous ferric iron carbonate solution is disclosed. The method broadly comprises reacting at least one ferric iron salt reagent with at least one alkali metal carbonate salt reagent and forming an alkaline aqueous ferric iron carbonate solution comprising an aqueous-soluble, ferric iron carbonate complex. The reacting generally includes reacting a solid with an aqueous solution. The reacting may include reacting a solid comprising one or both of the ferric iron salt reagent and alkali metal carbonate salt reagent with an aqueous solution. A method for removing reduced sulfur compounds from a reduced sulfur-containing fluid is also disclosed.

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

A treatment process for remediating; contaminants in a mixture of contaminated fluids, including at least one liquid fluid and at least one gaseous fluid, includes the steps of: preparing a treatment composition containing at least 80 volume % of an aqueous solution containing at least one hydroxide compound at a collective concentration of 35-55 weight percent, and at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of fulvic acid and humic acid at a collective concentration of 0.1-5 wt % of the treatment composition; adding a dosage of the treatment composition to a mixture of contaminated fluids including a liquid portion and a gaseous portion; and allowing the treatment composition to react with the mixture of contaminated fluids for at least 10 minutes. A pH of the treatment composition is at least 12.0

A treatment system and method for cephalosporin wastewater are disclosed. The treatment system includes: a flocculation and sedimentation device, an alkali reaction tank, a PAC reaction tank, a PAM reaction tank, a wastewater heat exchanger, a wastewater heater and an oxidation reactor that are connected with each other in sequence, wherein the wastewater heat exchanger is provided with a material inlet, a material outlet, a heat source inlet and a heat source outlet. An oxidized water from the oxidation reactor enters the wastewater heat exchanger from the heat source inlet, the heat source outlet is connected with a product canister, the product canister is connected with a membrane filtration device to realize concentration treatment of a landfill leachate, the material inlet is connected with the PAM reaction tank, and the material outlet is connected with the wastewater heater. An outer side of the oxidation reactor is provided with a micro-interfacial generation system for dispersing and breaking a gas into bubbles. The treatment system of the prevent invention improves the contact of reaction phase interfaces after arranging the micro-interfacial generation system, which ensures a good wastewater treatment effect under relatively mild operating conditions.

Disclosed is a method for degrading antibiotics by aqueous phase transfer catalysis using an anionic liquid and hydrogen peroxide, including: adding hydrogen peroxide to a wastewater containing the antibiotics to obtain a first mixture, and adjusting a pH of the first mixture to 3-4 to form an aqueous phase, and adding a catalyst to a water-insoluble ionic liquid to obtain a second mixture, and stirring the second mixture to form an ionic liquid phase, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of ferrocene, iron dodecyl sulfonate, ferrous dodecyl sulfonate, and copper dodecyl sulfonate; and mixing the aqueous phase and the ionic liquid phase in a volume ratio of (8-11):1 to obtain a mixed phase, and stirring the mixed phase to degrade the antibiotics.

The invention relates to a process for working up water containing 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfoxide and/or 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone as impurities, comprising: (a) mixing the water containing 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfoxide and/or 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone as impurities with an organic solvent in which 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfoxide and/or 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone have a solubility of at least 0.5 wt % based on the amount of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfoxide and/or 4, 4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and organic solvent at 20° C., which forms a two-phase system with water and which can be stripped from water with a stripping gas and subsequently separating the obtained mixture into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, and (b) stripping the organic solvent from the aqueous phase with a stripping gas.

The presently disclosed subject matter is generally directed to a system and method of reducing, reacting, and/or removing an oxidant or unwanted chemical species from a chemical stream. Particularly, the system and method include the use of one or more reductants that react with the undesired chemical species. The reductant and the chemical stream are added to a reactor and allowed to react for a desired amount of time. The reductant will reduce, react with, and/or remove the chemical species from the stream. The excess reductant and reaction products are then removed from the reactor, as described in more detail herein below.

Compositions made of laminate comprised of porous carbon nanotube (CNT) are disclosed. Uses of the Compositions, particularly for reducing a formation of a load of a microorganism or of a biofilm, are also disclosed.

A nucleophilic substitution reaction to crosslink cyclodextrin (CD) polymer with rigid aromatic groups, providing a high surface area, mesoporous CD-containing polymers (P-CDPs). The P-CDPs can be used for removing organic contaminants from water. By encapsulating pollutants to form well-defined host-guest complexes with complementary selectivities to activated carbon (AC) sorbents. The P-CDPs can rapidly sequester pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and other organic micropollutants, achieving equilibrium binding capacity in seconds with adsorption rate constants 15-200 times greater than ACs and nonporous CD sorbents. The CD polymer can be regenerated several times, through a room temperature washing procedure, with no loss in performance.

The invention is directed to a system and method of reducing, reacting, and/or removing an oxidant or unwanted chemical species from a chemical stream. Particularly, the system and method include the use of one or more reductants that react with the undesired chemical species. The reductant and the chemical stream are added to a reactor and allowed to react for a desired amount of time. The reductant will reduce, react with, and/or remove the chemical species from the stream. The excess reductant and reaction products are then removed from the reactor, as described in more detail herein below.