Methods, systems, and apparatus, relate to a method for carbon capture from sea water. A first source of sea water into a reverse osmosis chamber. Reverse osmosis is performed on the sea water to produce fresh water and brine. The brine is provided to an electrolyzer. A current is passed through the brine and fresh water, thereby producing a hydroxide solution in a cathode chamber of the electrolyzer. The hydroxide solution is collected and placed into a contacting chamber and new sea water introduced. Precipitates are produced comprising at least calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate.

Techniques and systems for neutralizing discharge waters from ballast and/or cooling water biocidal treatment and disinfection systems are provided. The systems utilize, inter alia, oxidation reduction potential control to regulate the dechlorination of an electrocatalytically generated biocidal agent to allowable discharge levels in ship buoyancy systems and ship cooling water systems.

A pulsed voltage is repeatedly applied between a first electrode and a second electrode to which a gas is supplied, a plasma is generated between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an active species is produced in the plasma. The energy necessary for plasma generation is set to a value greater than or equal to 1.8 W/cm.sup.3 and less than or equal to 8.5 W/cm.sup.3.

There are provided processes for treating a residual. For example, such processes can comprise treating a mixture comprising the residual, a peracid or source thereof and an ammonium salt in a reactor, with an electric field, by means of at least one anode and at least one cathode that define therebetween an electrokinetic zone for treating the mixture. Such processes allow for inactivation of at least one type of pathogen in the residual so as to obtain a treated residual.

The present invention relates to systems and methods for cleaning materials, such as flooring and upholstery. In some cases, the systems and methods use an electrolytic cell to electrolyze a solution comprising sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, sodium percarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, and/or any other suitable chemical to generate electrolyzed alkaline water and/or electrolyzed oxidizing water. In some cases, the cell comprises a recirculation loop that recirculates anolyte through an anode compartment of the cell. In some cases, the cell further comprises a senor and a processor, where the processor is configured to automatically change an operation of the cell, based on a reading from the sensor. In some cases, a fluid flows past a magnet before entering the cell.

In some additional cases, fluid from the cell is conditioned by being split into multiple conduits that run in proximity to each other. Additional implementations are described.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of microbial electrochemical technology, in particular to a graphene-magnetite conductive skeleton electrode, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for treating petrochemical wastewater. In the present disclosure, the surface roughness of the graphite rod electrode can be increased by the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of the graphite rod electrode, which is beneficial to the enrichment of microorganisms. The increase in the load of microorganisms will mean the amount of electroactive microorganisms will also increase, which will further improve the electron transfer ability, and because the material of the modified layer is a conductive material, it is also more conducive to the transfer of electrons; at the same time, the conductive skeleton modified on the surface of graphite rod electrode can also further enhance the transmission distance of electrons because of the skeleton constructed.

The present invention is directed to an electrochemical device for at least partially removing or reducing a target ionic species from an aqueous solution using faradaic immobilization, the electrochemical device including at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode with different void fraction and surface area properties, due to differences in void fraction (also referred to as void ratio) of the at least one first and the at least one second electrode, water flows through an electrode with a high porosity, while the aqueous solution does not flow through an electrode with a low porosity. The asymmetry of the electrodes provides a desired voltage distribution across the device, which equates to a different voltage at each electrode, to control the speciation of the target ionic species at the anode and the cathode.

A system for treating a source of water contaminated with PFAS is disclosed. The system includes a PFAS separation stage having an inlet fluidly connectable to the source of water contaminated with PFAS, a diluate outlet, and a concentrate outlet and a PFAS elimination stage positioned downstream of the PFAS separation stage and having an inlet fluidly connected to an outlet of the PFAS separation stage, the elimination of the PFAS occurring onsite with respect to the source of water contaminated with PFAS, with the system maintaining an elimination rate of PFAS greater than about 99%. A method of treating water contaminated with PFAS is also disclosed. The method includes introducing contaminated water from a source of water contaminated with a first concentration of PFAS to an inlet of a

PFAS separation stage, treating the contaminated water in the PFAS separation stage to produce a product water substantially free of PFAS and a PFAS concentrate having a second PFAS concentration greater than the first PFAS concentration, introducing the PFAS concentrate to an inlet of a PFAS elimination stage; and activating the PFAS elimination stage to eliminate the PFAS in the PFAS concentrate. A method of retrofitting a water treatment system as described herein is also disclosed. The method includes providing a PFAS elimination module as described herein and fluidly connecting the PFAS elimination module downstream of a PFAS separation stage.

A control system includes one or more levels of control of power and energy. At one level, a first controller optimally divides power between two or more processes, to maximize instantaneous production, for a given amount of currently available power. In the case of EDR desalination, electric power is optimally divided between ion exchange membranes and pumps to maximize instantaneous production of desalinated water for a given amount of available electric power. Optionally, at another level, a second controller divides time-varying power between the processes fed by the first level controller and an energy storage unit, based on a prediction of future power availability and a function. In the EDR case, power generated by a photovoltaic array is divided between the EDR desalination process and a battery, based on a prediction of future PV power availability and a function, to ensure reliable water production in the future.

A water treatment system includes: EDI having deionization chamber that deionizes water that contains boron and concentration chambers in which concentrated water flows; and a cooler to cool the water supplied to deionization chamber or the concentrated water supplied to concentration chambers. Alternatively, water treatment system includes EDI having deionization chamber that deionizes water that contains boron, concentration chambers in which concentrated water flows, and electrode chambers in which electrode water flows; a cooler that adjusts temperature of the water or temperature of the concentrated water supplied to concentration chamber; and a controller that controls the cooler such that the cooler adjusts the temperature of the water supplied to deionization chamber or the temperature of the concentrated water supplied to the concentration chambers within a range of 10-23° C., based on the temperature of the water, temperature of treated water of EDI, the temperature of the concentrated water, or temperature of the electrode water.