The invented bio-electrical system is a housing-electrode which allows insertion of another electrode for various electrochemical and bio-electrical applications. Together with other invented elements as well as standard components, the system is fully scalable, modular, and allows production and collection of gases under pressure. It can be built in many shapes, such as the embodied tubular shape. The design allows operation on unstable ground, for example on ships. Flow of electrolyte can be regulated and directed in cascaded reactions by opening and closing the compartments of the outer or the inner electrodes using the provided electrode holders. The redox conditions inside the system can be controlled using off-the-shelf power supplies which are controlled using the provided algorithm. Gas collection can be regulated based on the level of liquid inside the system using the provided float switches or conductivity probes even as the system is moving or operated under zero-gravity conditions.

An electrochemical cell may include: an anode; a porous anodic current collector; a cathode; a porous cathodic current collector; and an alkali metal-conducting separator that separates the anode from the cathode and is disposed surrounding the anodic current collector. The cathode may include seawater. A battery module may include a plurality of the electrochemical cells, and a battery may include a plurality of the battery modules.

A device for selectively removing a perfluorinated compound may include an adsorption electrooxidation tank including a reaction unit having a plurality of electrodes and granular activated carbon configured to oxidize and decompose a perfluorinated compound in raw water through adsorption and electrooxidation, a power supply device configured to supply power to the adsorption electrooxidation tank, and a head adjustment pipe unit configured to maintain a water level within the reaction unit at a height greater than or equal to a reaction height of the electrode.

The present disclosure discloses a method for removing chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater through step-by-step electrocatalytic dechlorination degradation. A double-chamber electrolyzer reactor is used to carry out step-by-step electrocatalytic dechlorination degradation to remove chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater. The double-chamber electrolyzer reactor comprises a cathode chamber, a proton exchange membrane, an anode chamber and an intermediate processing unit, wherein the cathode chamber is separated from the anode chamber through the proton exchange membrane, and the intermediate processing unit is connected between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber through a cathode chamber water outlet, an anode chamber water inlet and pipelines. The double-chamber electrolyzer reactor adopted in the present disclosure is simple in structure and convenient to use, is capable of effectively enhancing the removal effect of electric catalysis on chlorinated hydrocarbon substances and reducing toxic and harmful substances produced by direct oxidization of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and has a good application prospect.

An electrochemical cell for wastewater treatment comprises a catalyst coated membrane, an open pore mesh placed on each side of the catalyst coated membrane, and a compression frame placed next to each of the open pore meshes. Each compression frame has compression arms spread within the area delimited by the perimeter of the frame to apply a uniform compression force through fasteners which protrude through the compression arms, the open pore meshes and the catalyst coated membrane. Each open pore mesh comprises a flat surface and an embossed surface. The embossed surface can comprise embossed areas around the holes in the open pore mesh, transverse embossed areas which, in the assembled cell, are placed next to the compression arms of the compression frames and peripheral embossed areas along the perimeter of the open pore meshes. The embossed surface provides an improved protection against electro-circuiting

A liquid phase catalytic exchange column with a catalyst is configured to receive hydrogen gas. The system uses the catalyst to exchange the hydrogen gas with the tritiated source yielding HT gas and tritiated water. The system monitors tritium content of the tritiated water. When a predetermined tritium level is detected, the tritiated water is released. The system also includes a gaseous permeation system comprising a permeable barrier for the selective extraction of gases.

A water treatment device in which a treatment target water introduction portion is provided in an upper portion of a receptacle, and the water treatment device has a space in which conductive porous members are not disposed between the conductive porous members and the treatment target water introduction portion in the receptacle. When a backwashing fluid is introduced from a lower portion of the receptacle in a desorption, the conductive porous members flow and are agitated owing to the backwashing fluid, because of which a desorption of ions adsorbed to the conductive porous members is promoted. Grains of the agitated conductive porous members collide with other grains of the conductive porous members or with electrodes or a separator, whereby scale and a biofilm appearing on surfaces of the grains of the conductive porous members, the electrodes, or the separator can be removed, and desalination efficiency can be maintained.

A water dispensing apparatus includes a source water pipe, a sterilizing water module connected to the source water pipe and configured to and generate sterilizing water, a sterilizing water pipe connected to the sterilizing water module and configured to provide the sterilizing water generated by the sterilizing water module to a user, a flow rate sensor disposed at the source water pipe, a power supply configured to apply a voltage to an electrode of the sterilizing water module, a current detector configured to detect a current value output from the electrode of the sterilizing water module based on the voltage being applied to the electrode of the sterilizing water module, and a controller configured to set a target current value of the sterilizing water module based on at least one of flow rate information detected by the flow rate sensor or the current value detected by the current detector.

The present disclosure discloses a method for removing chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater through step-by-step electrocatalytic dechlorination degradation. A double-chamber electrolyzer reactor is used to carry out step-by-step electrocatalytic dechlorination degradation to remove chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater. The double-chamber electrolyzer reactor comprises a cathode chamber, a proton exchange membrane, an anode chamber and an intermediate processing unit, wherein the cathode chamber is separated from the anode chamber through the proton exchange membrane, and the intermediate processing unit is connected between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber through a cathode chamber water outlet, an anode chamber water inlet and pipelines. The double-chamber electrolyzer reactor adopted in the present disclosure is simple in structure and convenient to use, is capable of effectively enhancing the removal effect of electric catalysis on chlorinated hydrocarbon substances and reducing toxic and harmful substances produced by direct oxidization of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and has a good application prospect.

An electrochemical cell for wastewater treatment is disclosed comprising a catalyst coated membrane, an open pore mesh placed next to the catalyst coated membrane, on each side of the membrane, and a compression frame placed next to each of the open pore meshes. The open pore meshes and the compression frames are made of a conductive material. Each compression frame has compression arms spread within the area delimited by the perimeter of the frame to apply a uniform compression force across the anode and cathode active areas through fasteners which protrude through the compression arms, the open pore meshes and the catalyst coated membrane. A stack comprising at least one such electrochemical cell is immersed in a reactor tank containing the wastewater to be treated.