Apparatuses, systems, and methods related to water treatment are generally described. In particular, clarifiers that may improve solids thickening and related systems and methods are disclosed.

Methods of treating a fluid mixture include performing a first treatment on the mixture with electrochemically produced ions to separate an aqueous phase and a hydrophobic phase and performing a second electrochemical treatment on the separated aqueous phase to thereby remove aqueous contaminants from the aqueous phase wherein substantially laminar flow of fluid occurs between electrodes in the second electrochemical treatment.

A cost-effective system and method dissolves gas, such as oxygen, into water in a manner that prevents gas bubble carry over by using a bubble capture system (BCS). The method further eliminates or minimizes turbulence at the suction and discharge of a pump using an energy dissipation header (EDH). The BCS can create a top-down flow that permits bubbles to rise faster than the velocity of the downward flow of water. The EDH can use a pipe design, such as a slotted pipe design, that permits a maximum system water flow. The technology can be applied to water bodies to mitigate eutrophication and may also be applicable in other fields, such as wastewater lift stations, fish farms, oil and gas industry, tidal applications with low flushing rates, and winter under ice oxygenation to prevent fish kills.

A cost-effective system and method dissolves gas, such as oxygen, into water in a manner that prevents gas bubble carry over by using a bubble capture system (BCS). The system and method further eliminates or minimizes turbulence at the suction and discharge of a pump using an energy dissipation header (EDH). The BCS can create a top-down flow that permits bubbles to rise faster than the velocity of the downward flow of water. The EDH can use a pipe design, such as a slotted pipe design, that permits a maximum system water flow. The technology can be applied to water bodies to mitigate eutrophication and may also be applicable in other fields, such as wastewater lift stations, fish farms, oil and gas industry, tidal applications with low flushing rates, and winter under ice oxygenation to prevent fish kills.

Water purification systems including an inlet chamber, a purification module, a purified water outlet, and an impure water outlet. The inlet chamber is configured to receive an input water stream. The purification module includes a purification chamber configured to divide the input water stream into a purified water stream fluidly coupled to the purified water outlet and an impure water stream fluidly coupled to the impure water outlet. The purification chamber includes a first hydrophilic surface and a second hydrophilic surface spaced from the first hydrophilic surface. The first hydrophilic surface and the second hydrophilic surface cooperate to establish purified zones of substantially pure water and an impure zone of impurity concentrated water from the input water stream. The purified water stream is supplied by substantially pure water from the purified zones and the impure water stream is supplied by the impurity concentrated water from the impure zone.

Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to sewage treatment plants and methods of operating sewage treatment plants. In one example embodiment, the sewage treatment plant includes a clarifier having an aeration region with a vent opening to blow in oxygenous gas for mixing water to be clarified and a settling region with an outlet. The sewage treatment plant further includes a wall system that delimits the at least one aeration region from the at least one settling region by the wall system. The wall system has a channel system which has at least one first opening leading to the aeration region in the region of the water level and a sludge removal device of the channel system in the region of a lower wall of the clarifier for transporting solids-rich water from the settling region into the aeration region.

Provided is a feed spacer having a three-layer structure, in which a set forming the feed spacer is formed in a three-layer structure, so that the set, which is in contact with a reverse osmosis membrane, convects raw water to a center of the structure of the feed spacer and a laminar flow velocity gradient is generated at the center to decrease a polarization phenomenon of a reverse osmosis filter module and minimize pressure loss, and a reverse osmosis membrane filter module including the feed spacer.

A separation apparatus for separating hydrocarbons and water, comprising a vessel (1) and an insert (5, 6) within said vessel (1). The has a bottom (7), a conical wall (8) and a quiecer (10) at the top of the wall (8), which enclose a separation chamber (11). The insert (5, 6) has an inlet pipe (12) for a mixture of water and hydrocarbons and a spreader arrangement (13, 14) arranged inside the separation chamber (11), which directs an inflow of fluids in a tangential direction, setting the fluids into a tangential laminar swirl. The vessel (1) has at least one manhole (3, 4), and said insert bottom (7), wall (8) and quiecer (10) are assembled by a plurality of generally wedge shaped segments (7a-l, 8a-l, 10a-l) having a size that allows the segments (7a-l, 8a-l, 10a-l) to be brought through the manhole (3, 4).

A water treatment system, such as a water softening system, having a water treatment tank with at least one distributor plate mounted inside to support filter media and/or ion exchange resin. The water treatment system is designed to treat hard water with a packed ion-exchange filter media and has a distributor plate design for facilitating the ion-exchange within a water softener resin bed, as well as facilitating the regeneration of the resin bed. The distributor plate presents cavities to the topside for entrapping filter media, and the cavities have narrow slits located at the base for allowing fluid to pass. A method for assembling the water treatment tank and supporting inserted distributor plate is shown. The distributor plate rest on and is supported by a domed-shaped structure that can be placed in the bottom portion of the water treatment vessel.

A system for modifying pH in an aqueous environment comprises an aqueous salt solution feed stream having a first pH and an electrochemical device positioned proximate an aqueous restoration area. The electrochemical device is configured to receive the feed stream and convert the feed stream to an acid stream and a base stream having respective predetermined pH values. A first effluent stream comprises the base stream, wherein the first effluent stream has a second pH that is higher than the first pH. The first effluent stream is delivered proximate the aqueous restoration area. A second effluent stream comprises the acid stream, wherein the second effluent stream has a third pH that is lower than the second pH.