The invention relates to bio-electrochemical systems for the generation of methane from organic material and for reducing chemical oxygen demand and nitrogenous waste through denitrification. The invention further relates to an electrode for use in, and a system for, the adaptive control of bio-electrochemical systems as well as a fuel cell.

A method for deep treatment of household waste leachate by a biochemical process is provided, including: arranging one anoxic tank and two aerobic tanks in series; introducing the household waste leachate into the primary anoxic reactor, and diluting the household waste leachate to an concentration acceptable to microorganisms; introducing the diluted household waste leachate into the primary aerobic reactor, and subjecting the diluted household waste leachate to an pre-nitrification reaction to obtain a reactant; introducing the reactant into the secondary aerobic reactor, and subjecting the reactant to a main nitrification reaction to convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by nitrification of nitrobacteria; refluxing the nitrification liquid to the primary anoxic reactor, converting the nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen into nitrogen gas by denitrobacteria in the primary anoxic reactor, and discharging the nitrogen gas into atmosphere, thereby finishing an denitrification process.

The disclosure relates to the technical field of energy saving and consumption reduction, and in particular, to a gas-liquid recycling device. A gas-liquid recycling device and a method of using same provided by the disclosure includes a gas-collection hood, a gas delivery pipe and a liquid delivery pipe. A gas inlet port of the gas delivery pipe is connected to the gas collection hood, a gas outlet port of the gas delivery pipe is inserted into a liquid outlet port of the liquid delivery pipe, and a liquid inlet port is located at an end of the liquid delivery pipe opposite to the liquid outlet port.

[Problem] A microorganism immobilized carrier is provided that is easy for microorganisms to adhere to, and is able to reduce the manufacturing cost of the microorganism immobilized carrier and the running cost of an apparatus that uses the microorganism immobilized carrier. [Solution] A microorganism immobilized carrier is characterized by including a carbon component and a resin, having a zeta potential of from −25 mV to 0 mV, and containing microorganisms adhered to a surface thereof and/or an interior thereof. The microorganisms are preferably nitrifying bacteria. The carbon component preferably has a particle size of from 1 μm to 1000 μm.

A water treatment control system includes an aerobic tank in which aerobic treatment is carried out, an aerobic tank aeration device that aerates to-be-treated water in the aerobic tank, a membrane filtration tank including a separation membrane that filters the to-be-treated water treated in the aerobic tank, a membrane filtration tank measurement instrument that measures the ammonia concentration of the to-be-treated water in the membrane filtration tank, as a membrane filtration tank ammonia concentration measurement value, and an aerobic tank aeration air volume calculation device that sets the aerobic tank aeration air volume of the aerobic tank aeration device on the basis of the membrane filtration tank ammonia concentration measurement value.

Disclosed are a baffled integrated denitrifying and decarbonizing device with anaerobic bio-nests and a baffled integrated denitrifying and decarbonizing process with anaerobic bio-nests thereof. The wastewater with low carbon-nitrogen ratio first enters anaerobic chamber I, then enters anaerobic chamber II and chamber III to complete anaerobic decarbonization and denitrification. The chambers are provided with modified basalt fiber carrier media to enrich a large number of functional microorganisms, and improve the device in terms of anaerobic treatment efficiency. Fermentation liquid in chamber III then flows back to aerobic chamber IV to complete the nitrification process. Nitrified liquid enters chamber I and mixes with influent for further treatment, and effluent is finally discharged from chamber III. The clapboard and basalt fiber felt in chamber IV can retain and enrich autotrophic/heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria.

Provided are a water treatment method and a water treatment device wherein in a biological treatment of ammonium nitrogen-containing water to be treated, the water to be treated can be treated stably at a high treatment speed even when the nitrogen concentration of the water to be treated is high. This water treatment device biologically treats ammonium nitrogen-containing water to be treated. The water treatment device (water treatment method) is provided with: a nitrification device (nitrification step) for oxidizing ammonium nitrogen to nitrite or nitrate nitrogen using nitrifying bacteria including autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria contained in microbial activated sludge; and a nitrification rate control means which maintains a molybdenum compound in the nitrification device in such a manner as to control the molybdenum concentration of the water to be treated to 0.025 mg Mo/gN or more, and controls the nitrification rate for the sludge to 0.11 [kgN/(kgVSS.Math.day)].

A multi-stage system comprising a digester, a bioreactor, a scrubber, a biofilter, and a membrane filter extracts and purifies biogas from a wastewater feed. The digester separates raw biogas from wastewater, the wastewater is then purified with a three-stage bacterial process in a bioreactor. The scrubber receives raw biogas from the digester under pressure, dissolving waste gases and purifying the methane, which can be further condensed and purified in the membrane filter. The bioreactor receives waste gases from the scrubber and membrane filter, with the ammonia portion of the waste gases rising through water from the bioreactor and being converted by annamox bacteria into nitrogen gas. The multiply recycled gas and water feeds produce a biogas having high purity and reduced atmospheric emissions of waste gases.

The disclosed lagoon biological treatment system helps existing wastewater treatment facilities meet stricter discharge permits mandated by the EPA utilizing a facility's existing wastewater treatment infrastructure. Influent is pumped into and processed in an aerated or non-aerated lagoon system, thus initially treating the wastewater to reduce BODS (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) to approximately 20-30 mg/L. Then the wastewater is transferred to and processed in a nitrification reactor, where sufficient nitrifying bacteria is present to reduce nitrogen levels to regulation-acceptable levels without needing to regulate temperature of the water in the nitrification reactor. Wastewater may also be further processed in a denitrifying reactor if necessary to meet local requirement. Post-nitrification polishing of the wastewater is foregone.

Disclosed is an apparatus and method for synchronously treating sewage and sludge through a step-feed partial nitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation process, belonging to the biological treatment field. Ammonia rich landfill leachate is firstly pumped into an aerobic reactor to realize partial nitrification process; exogenous surplus sludge coupling with partial nitrification reactor effluent are input to an anoxic reactor together for achieving integrated fermentation and denitrification process; finally, effluent from the anoxic reactor is pumped into an integrated autotrophic nitrogen removal reactor by a step-feed mode, the integrated reactor contains two main running units of aeration and anoxic stirring, ammonia is oxidized into nitrite in aeration stage, and the generated nitrite and ammonia contained in secondary influent are further removed through anammox process which operates stably and reliably, realizes efficient nitrogen removal from landfill leachate without external carbon source addition, and realizes the purpose of exogenous excess sludge reduction simultaneously.