A method for manufacturing an optical fibre includes placing the powdery substance compactly in the fluorine doped tube to form a core section. The core section of the glass preform is defined along a longitudinal axis of the glass preform. In particular, the fluorine doped tube is sintered to solidify the powdery substance. Moreover, the glass preform is heated at high temperature to draw the optical fibre.

A method for manufacturing an optical fibre includes placing the powdery substance compactly in the fluorine doped tube to form a core section. The core section of the glass preform is defined along a longitudinal axis of the glass preform. In particular, the fluorine doped tube is sintered to solidify the powdery substance. Moreover, the glass preform is heated at high temperature to draw the optical fibre.

A method of fabricating one or more glass cells includes drawing one or more glass capillaries from a source of glass material. The method includes performing a first conditioning of one or more inner surfaces of the one or more capillaries. The method includes sealing one or more first ends of the one or more capillaries using thermal energy. The method includes performing a second conditioning of the one or more inner surfaces after the sealing. The method includes purifying the one or more capillaries to increase a purity of a gas used to fill the one or more capillaries. The method includes filling the one or more capillaries using the gas after the purifying. The method includes pressurizing the one or more capillaries to a given pressure. The method includes sealing one or more second ends of the one or more capillaries using thermal energy.

A method of fabricating one or more glass cells includes drawing one or more glass capillaries from a source of glass material. The method includes performing a first conditioning of one or more inner surfaces of the one or more capillaries. The method includes sealing one or more first ends of the one or more capillaries using thermal energy. The method includes performing a second conditioning of the one or more inner surfaces after the sealing. The method includes purifying the one or more capillaries to increase a purity of a gas used to fill the one or more capillaries. The method includes filling the one or more capillaries using the gas after the purifying. The method includes pressurizing the one or more capillaries to a given pressure. The method includes sealing one or more second ends of the one or more capillaries using thermal energy.

An illumination system for medical therapeutic and/or diagnostic system is provided. The illumination system includes a laser light source and a light guide. The light guide has a proximal end that is connectable and/or assignable to the one laser light source. The light guide has a distal end with a diffuser element having a radial, spherical emission characteristic. The diffuser element includes a diffuser main body made of an inorganic material, in particular a glass, a glass ceramic, a glass-like substance or a composite substance of the aforementioned substances. The diffuser main body has a scattering element and has a surface that is pore-free and smooth.

An illumination system for medical therapeutic and/or diagnostic system is provided. The illumination system includes a laser light source and a light guide. The light guide has a proximal end that is connectable and/or assignable to the one laser light source. The light guide has a distal end with a diffuser element having a radial, spherical emission characteristic. The diffuser element includes a diffuser main body made of an inorganic material, in particular a glass, a glass ceramic, a glass-like substance or a composite substance of the aforementioned substances. The diffuser main body has a scattering element and has a surface that is pore-free and smooth.

A method for producing a glass product is provided. The method includes providing a glass melt; hot forming the glass melt to obtain a glass product; and transferring the glass melt from a first region to a second region through a tube. The tube has a part that protrudes with a length into the glass melt in the first region. The part being at a distance from an inner base lying directly thereunder. The length and the distance are configured so that little defective glass gets into the tube and is transferred to the second region.

A method for producing a glass product is provided. The method includes providing a glass melt; hot forming the glass melt to obtain a glass product; and transferring the glass melt from a first region to a second region through a tube. The tube has a part that protrudes with a length into the glass melt in the first region. The part being at a distance from an inner base lying directly thereunder. The length and the distance are configured so that little defective glass gets into the tube and is transferred to the second region.

A single crystal pulling apparatus including: a remelting detection apparatus which detects that remelting of a lower end portion of the semiconductor single crystal is completed from a change in weight of the semiconductor single crystal when the lower end portion of the semiconductor single crystal is immersed in the melt to be remolten by using the wire; and a lowermost end detection apparatus which detects a lowermost end of the semiconductor single crystal from a position where no current flows between the semiconductor single crystal and the melt when the semiconductor single crystal is taken up with the use of the wire while applying a voltage between the semiconductor single crystal and the melt by applying a voltage between the crucible and the wire.

Provided is a borosilicate glass for a pharmaceutical container which has good processability in spite of not including BaO. The borosilicate glass for a pharmaceutical container includes SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3, and R.sub.2O (R is one or more kinds selected from Li, Na, and K) as essential components, in which BaO is not substantially included, and a water content in glass is 0.30 to 0.80/mm in terms of -OH value.