Architectural structures including an inorganic material carrier including cement and particles or fibers of a glass including a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions. In aspects, the glass may have a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In aspects, the glasses may include a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. In other aspects, the glass can have a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The glasses and articles disclosed herein can exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

Architectural structures including an inorganic material carrier including cement and particles or fibers of a glass including a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions. In aspects, the glass may have a glass phase and a cuprite phase. In aspects, the glasses may include a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions, a degradable phase including B.sub.2O.sub.3, P.sub.2O.sub.5 and K.sub.2O and a durable phase including SiO.sub.2. In other aspects, the glass can have a plurality of Cu.sup.1+ ions disposed on the surface of the glass and in the glass network and/or the glass matrix. The glasses and articles disclosed herein can exhibit a 2 log reduction or greater in a concentration of at least one of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli, under the EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy as a Sanitizer testing condition and under Modified JIS Z 2801 for Bacteria testing conditions.

A fiber and a fiber manufacturing method are provided, in which IGCC slag constitute a component of raw materials of the fiber. The fiber can be fabricated stably from the melt of the raw materials by the method in which the raw materials are preheated up to 1300° C. or higher; the raw materials are maintained at the same temperature for certain period of time; subsequently, the temperature of the raw materials are raised further to cause the melted materials are spun into fiber.

Disclosed herein are methods for forming low melting point glass fibers comprising providing a glass feedstock comprising a low melting point glass and melt-spinning the glass feedstock to produce glass fibers, wherein the glass transition temperature of the glass fibers is less than or equal to about 120% of the glass transition temperature of the glass feedstock. The disclosure also relates to method for forming low melting point glass frit further comprising jet-milling the glass fibers. Low melting point glass frit and fibers produced by the methods described above are also disclosed herein.

Disclosed herein are methods for forming low melting point glass fibers comprising providing a glass feedstock comprising a low melting point glass and melt-spinning the glass feedstock to produce glass fibers, wherein the glass transition temperature of the glass fibers is less than or equal to about 120% of the glass transition temperature of the glass feedstock. The disclosure also relates to method for forming low melting point glass frit further comprising jet-milling the glass fibers. Low melting point glass frit and fibers produced by the methods described above are also disclosed herein.

Provided is a special optical fiber for measuring a 3D curved shape, and a system for measuring the 3D curved shape by using a special optical fiber. The special optical fiber comprises: an optical fiber core for transmitting an optical signal; an inner cladding covering the optical fiber core; and an outer cladding covering the inner cladding. In particular, the refractive index (n1) of the optical fiber core, the refractive index (n2) of the inner cladding, and the refractive index (n3) of the outer cladding are set in a relationship of n1≥n3>n2. The inner cladding covering the optical fiber core has a cut portion in the longitudinal direction. The optical fiber core is exposed through the cut portion. In addition, the cut portion is filled with a material having the same refractive index as the optical fiber core or the outer cladding.

Provided is a special optical fiber for measuring a 3D curved shape, and a system for measuring the 3D curved shape by using a special optical fiber. The special optical fiber comprises: an optical fiber core for transmitting an optical signal; an inner cladding covering the optical fiber core; and an outer cladding covering the inner cladding. In particular, the refractive index (n1) of the optical fiber core, the refractive index (n2) of the inner cladding, and the refractive index (n3) of the outer cladding are set in a relationship of n1≥n3>n2. The inner cladding covering the optical fiber core has a cut portion in the longitudinal direction. The optical fiber core is exposed through the cut portion. In addition, the cut portion is filled with a material having the same refractive index as the optical fiber core or the outer cladding.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a boron containing glass, comprising melting raw materials including boron compounds in a submerged combustion melter (11), withdrawing flue gases from said melter and recovering heat from said flue gases in appropriate heat recovery equipment prior to release into the environment.

The present invention relates to a process for producing a boron containing glass, comprising melting raw materials including boron compounds in a submerged combustion melter (11), withdrawing flue gases from said melter and recovering heat from said flue gases in appropriate heat recovery equipment prior to release into the environment.

Disclosed herein are methods for forming low melting point glass fibers comprising providing a glass feedstock comprising a low melting point glass and melt-spinning the glass feedstock to produce glass fibers, wherein the glass transition temperature of the glass fibers is less than or equal to about 120% of the glass transition temperature of the glass feedstock. The disclosure also relates to method for forming low melting point glass frit further comprising jet-milling the glass fibers. Low melting point glass frit and fibers produced by the methods described above are also disclosed herein.