The present disclosure relates to materials, and specifically to materials such as sheet, molded or extruded polymer materials containing flake, formed, powdered, granulated or splintered borosilicate glass for heat rejection or mitigation and enhanced durability and strength. The invention provides a synthetic substrate that includes: 1 to 70 wt % borosilicate glass having an average size of 0.1 to 50 um; and 30 to 99 wt % polymer material, wherein the synthetic substrate has either a denier ranging between 0.1 to 20.0 or a thickness ranging between 0.1 to 20 MIL, which provides thermal management properties including reduction in solar absorptance and net power absorbed by surfaces. The greater the intensity of the solar radiation the more reactive the borosilicate becomes, reflecting and dissipating an increased level of energy.

In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a thermally-conductive composition comprising: a functional agent comprising at least one of boron nitride (BN), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), and aluminum nitride (AlN), and foamed inorganic thermally-conductive powders; and a binder comprising a silicate glass solution and isopropyl alcohol. The thermally-conductive composition may have improved endothermic, exothermic, and heat dissipation properties at high temperatures above about 1000° C. Further, the device using the thermally-conductive composition may have improved heat conductance and heat dissipation. Furthermore, the thermally-conductive composition may have reduced harmfulness to the human body.

A method of infusing silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) in a crystalline state into a structure comprising SiO.sub.2 in a non-crystalline amorphous state is provided. In one embodiment of the present invention, a first material comprising SiO.sub.2 is heated to a melting point, converting the SiO.sub.2 from a crystalline state into a non-crystalline amorphous state. A second material comprising SiO.sub.2 is then applied to the first material while the first material is at a temperature that is hot enough to render the first material pliable, but not so hot as to convert the SiO.sub.2 in the second material from a crystalline state into a non-crystalline state. The first material is then cooled slowly over a period of time to relieve internal stresses introduced during the manufacturing process.

Near-infrared absorbing material particles contain composite tungsten oxide particles represented by a general formula M.sub.xW.sub.yO.sub.z, wherein the element M is one or more of elements selected from H, He, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth element, Mg, Zr, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, B, F, P, S, Se, Br, Te, Ti, Nb, V, Mo, Ta, Re, Be, Hf, Os, Bi, and I, wherein the W is tungsten, wherein the O is oxygen, and wherein the x, y, and z satisfy 0.001≤x/y≤1 and 3.0<z/y.

A method of producing a glass briquette in which reclaimed glass fines are mixed with a binder material to create a mixture. The mixture is subsequently compressed in a chamber to form a briquette having the shape of the interior of the chamber. The reclaimed glass includes glass fines of a size of smaller than 10 mm. The method is performed without melting the glass fines such that the resulting briquette contains the discrete glass fines held in the binder and may be used as a furnace ingredient for later glass product production. The glass briquette may contain other batch ingredients required in the production of glass.

A method for producing a composite particle, the method containing: (a) mixing a raw material particle and at least one type of fine particles selected from SiO.sub.2 fine particles and Al.sub.2O.sub.3 fine particles, the fine paricles having a diameter smaller than that of the raw material particle; and (b) heating the mixture of the raw material particles and the fine particles, wherein the raw material particle contains three components of ZnO, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and SiO.sub.2, and a content of the ZnO is 17 to 43% by mole, a content of the Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is 9 to 20% by mole, and a content of the SiO.sub.2 is 48 to 63% by mole, based on the total content of the three components.

An abrasive article includes a body having a bond material extending throughout the body and abrasive particles contained in the bond material. The bond material can include aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) and lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O). In an embodiment, the bond material can include a ratio (Al.sub.2O.sub.3/Li.sub.2O) of a content of aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3) relative to a content of lithium oxide (Li.sub.2O), based on weight percent, of greater than 11.5 and at most 20. In another embodiment, the abrasive article can have a versatility factor of greater than 1.90.

The present invention provides a highly reliable multilayered glass panel and an encapsulating material for achieving the highly reliable multilayered glass panel. The encapsulating material includes lead-free low melting glass particles containing vanadium oxide and tellurium oxide, low thermal expansion filler particles, and glass beads as a solid content. A volume fraction of the glass beads in the solid content is not less than 10% to not more than 35%, and a volume fraction of the lead-free low melting glass particles in the solid content is larger than a volume fraction of the low thermal expansion filler in the solid content.

ZrO.sub.2-toughened glass ceramics having high molar fractions of tetragonal ZrO.sub.2 and fracture toughness value of greater than 1.8 MPa.Math.m.sup.1/2. The glass ceramic may also include also contain other secondary phases, including lithium silicates, that may be beneficial for toughening or for strengthening through an ion exchange process. Additional second phases may also decrease the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass ceramic. A method of making such glass ceramics is also provided.

A connected substrate of the present invention includes a plurality of element substrate regions partitioned by dividing grooves, wherein the connected substrate is a glass ceramic sintered body having precipitated therein an anorthite crystal.