A method for producing a chemically strengthened glass, including a step of bringing a glass containing sodium into contact with an inorganic salt containing potassium nitrate, thereby performing ion exchange of a Na ion in the glass with a K ion in the inorganic salt, in which the inorganic salt contains at least one salt selected from the group consisting of K.sub.2CO.sub.3, Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, KHCO.sub.3, NaHCO.sub.3, K.sub.3PO.sub.4, Na.sub.3PO.sub.4, K.sub.2SO.sub.4, Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, KOH and NaOH, and the method includes: a step of washing the glass after the ion exchange; a step of subjecting the glass to an acid treatment after the washing; and a step of subjecting the glass to an alkali treatment after the acid treatment.

Glass-based articles that include a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression are formed by exposing glass-based substrates to water vapor containing environments. The glass-based substrates have compositions selected to be fusion formable, to be steam strengthen able, and to avoid the formation of platinum defects during the forming process. The methods of forming the glass-based articles may include elevated pressures and/or multiple exposures to water vapor containing environments.

Glass-based articles that include a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression are formed by exposing glass-based substrates to water vapor containing environments. The glass-based substrates have compositions selected to be fusion formable, to be steam strengthen able, and to avoid the formation of platinum defects during the forming process. The methods of forming the glass-based articles may include elevated pressures and/or multiple exposures to water vapor containing environments.

Glass-based articles that include a compressive stress layer extending from a surface of the glass-based article to a depth of compression are formed by exposing glass-based substrates to water vapor containing environments. The glass-based substrates have compositions selected to be fusion formable, to be steam strengthen able, and to avoid the formation of platinum defects during the forming process. The methods of forming the glass-based articles may include elevated pressures and/or multiple exposures to water vapor containing environments.

A process for producing a glass article is provided that includes, in order, a first process step in which a surface of the glass article has a temperature of at least 400° C. for at least some of the time, a second process step in which the surface of the glass article has a temperature of more than 10° C. and less than 100° C. and the surface is brought into contact with water or water vapor and the surface of the glass article is supplied with an amount of water which corresponds to a water layer thickness of from 1 to 100 μm, and a third process step in which the glass article is processed further with contact of the surface with foreign materials or other glass articles.

The invention relates to a method, and to an associated apparatus, for treating a container (1) comprising a glass wall (2) defining a receiving cavity (3) for receiving a product, said glass wall (2) having an inner face (4) and an opposite outer face (5), said glass wall (2) being provided with a first coating that includes a solid residual compound resulting from a step of dealkalization of the glass in the vicinity of the surface of said inner face (4) of said glass wall (2) to which said container (1) had previously been subjected, said method comprising a step of spraying the surface of said glass wall (2) with droplets of a liquid, in order to form on said glass wall (2), starting from said first coating, a second coating which includes said residual compound and which is more transparent and/or more uniform than said first coating. -Treatment of glass-walled containers.

A process for producing a glass article is provided that includes, in order, a first process step in which a surface of the glass article has a temperature of at least 400 C. for at least some of the time, a second process step in which the surface of the glass article has a temperature of more than 10 C. and less than 100 C. and the surface is brought into contact with water or water vapor and the surface of the glass article is supplied with an amount of water which corresponds to a water layer thickness of from 1 to 100 m, and a third process step in which the glass article is processed further with contact of the surface with foreign materials or other glass articles.

A glass substrate includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn as a reaction factor component, and includes a surface depletion layer at a surface side of the glass substrate. A total molar concentration (mol/cm.sup.3) of the reaction factor component in the surface depletion layer is decreased relative to an inside of the glass substrate. A total depletion amount (mol/cm.sup.2) of the reaction factor component in the surface depletion layer is 1.0010.sup.8 or more. The glass substrate has a refractive index (n.sub.d) of 1.68 or more.

A glass substrate includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn as a reaction factor component, and includes a surface depletion layer at a surface side of the glass substrate. A total molar concentration (mol/cm.sup.3) of the reaction factor component in the surface depletion layer is decreased relative to an inside of the glass substrate. A total depletion amount (mol/cm.sup.2) of the reaction factor component in the surface depletion layer is 1.0010.sup.8 or more. The glass substrate has a refractive index (n.sub.d) of 1.68 or more.

Disclosed devices include a liquid crystal layer and a cover glass comprising at least one major surface having a depleted or enriched surface layer. Methods for reducing mura in a touch-display device are also disclosed.