Bromine doping of silica glass is demonstrated. Bromine doping can be achieved with SiBr.sub.4 as a precursor. Bromine doping can occur during heating, consolidation or sintering of a porous silica glass body. Doping concentrations of bromine increase with increasing pressure of the doping precursor and can be modeled with a power law equation in which doping concentration is proportional to the square root of the pressure of the doping precursor. Bromine is an updopant in silica and the relative refractive index of silica increases approximately linearly with doping concentration. Bromine can be used as a dopant for optical fibers and can be incorporated in the core and/or cladding regions. Core doping concentrations of bromine are sufficient to permit use of undoped silica as an inner cladding material in fibers having a trench in the refractive index profile. Co-doping of silica glass with bromine and chlorine is also demonstrated.

A glass vial including a boron-containing multicomponent glass includes constituents and is partially filled with a pharmaceutical ingredient formulation having a pH in a range from 5 to 9. The glass vial has a total volume of <4.5 mL, a filling level of the glass vial with the formulation is not more than 0.25, and an inner wall of the glass vial has chemical resistance to leaching-out of at least one of the constituents of the multicomponent glass. A ratio of a concentration of a leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 0.5 mL and a concentration of the leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 2 mL is not more than 3 and a ratio between a concentration of the leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 1 mL and the concentration of the leached-out constituent at a fill volume of 2 mL is not more than 2.

An infrared heating unit with a furnace includes a housing that accommodates a process space, and a heating facility, whereby the process space is bordered, at least in part, by a furnace lining made of quartz glass. In order to provide, on this basis, an infrared heating unit that enables energy-efficient and uniform (homogeneous) heating of the heating goods by infrared radiation to temperatures of even above 600 C., the heating facility is formed by at least one heating substrate that includes a contact surface in contact with a printed conductor made of a resistor material that is electrically conductive and generates heat when current flows through it, whereby the heating substrate includes doped quartz glass, into which an additional component that absorbs in the infrared spectral range is embedded and forms at least a part of the furnace lining.

An infrared emitter is provided. The infrared emitter includes a substrate made of an electrically insulating material. The substrate includes a surface that contacts a printed conductor made of a resistor material that is electrically conducting and generates heat when current flows through it. The electrically insulating material includes an amorphous matrix component into which an additional component is embedded that absorbs in the spectral range of infrared radiation. At least a part of the surface is configured with a cover layer made of porous glass, whereby the printed conductor is embedded, at least in part, in the cover layer.

An infrared emitter is provided. The infrared emitter includes a substrate made of an electrically insulating material. The substrate includes a surface that contacts a printed conductor made of a resistor material that is electrically conducting and generates heat when current flows through it. The electrically insulating material includes an amorphous matrix component into which an additional component is embedded that absorbs in the spectral range of infrared radiation. At least a part of the surface is configured with a cover layer made of porous glass, whereby the printed conductor is embedded, at least in part, in the cover layer.

A colorless soda-lime glass composition comprising by weight from 68 to 78% SiO.sub.2, from 8 to 18% Na.sub.2O, from 0 to 10% K.sub.2O, from 7 to 12% CaO, from 0 to 10% MgO, from 0 to 10% ZnO, from 0 to 10% BaO, from 0 to 3% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, from 0 to 1% B.sub.2O.sub.3, from 0 to 1% SrO, less than 0.078% total sulfur expressed in the form of SO.sub.3, at most 0.12% total cerium expressed in the form of CeO.sub.2, from 50 to 1200 ppm total iron expressed in the form of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, without the intentional addition of Mo, As, Sn and Sb species, and with a redox lower than 45.

Bromine doping of silica glass is demonstrated. Bromine doping can be achieved with SiBr.sub.4 as a precursor. Bromine doping can occur during heating, consolidation or sintering of a porous silica glass body. Doping concentrations of bromine increase with increasing pressure of the doping precursor and can be modeled with a power law equation in which doping concentration is proportional to the square root of the pressure of the doping precursor. Bromine is an updopant in silica and the relative refractive index of silica increases approximately linearly with doping concentration. Bromine can be used as a dopant for optical fibers and can be incorporated in the core and/or cladding regions. Core doping concentrations of bromine are sufficient to permit use of undoped silica as an inner cladding material in fibers having a trench in the refractive index profile. Co-doping of silica glass with bromine and chlorine is also demonstrated.

One embodiment of the disclosure relates to a method of making an optical fiber comprising the steps of: (i) exposing a silica based preform with at least one porous glass region having soot density of to a gas mixture comprising SiCl.sub.4 having SiCl.sub.4 mole fraction y.sub.SiCl4 at a doping temperature T.sub.dop such that parameter X is larger than 0.03 to form the chlorine treated preform, wherein $X=\frac{1}{1+\left[\left(\frac{}{{}_s-}\right)\frac{0.209748T_{\mathrm{dop}}\mathrm{Exp}\left[-5435.33/T_{\mathrm{dop}}\right]}{y_{\mathrm{SiCl}4}^{3/4}}\right]}$
and .sub.s is the density of the fully densified soot layer; and (ii) exposing the chlorine treated preform to temperatures above 1400 C. to completely sinter the preform to produce sintered optical fiber preform with a chlorine doped region; and (iii) drawing an optical fiber from the sintered optical preform.

A glass article having an excellent external appearance and capable of suppressing the occurrence of whitening after being subjected to heating and molding, and a method for manufacturing such a glass article are provided. A glass article according to the present disclosure comprises, on a glass substrate, a functional layer and a silicon oxide-containing layer in this order, wherein an amount of desorption of Ar in the silicon oxide-containing layer above 550 C. is 1.86 nm.Math.atomic % or less. The glass article may comprise a dielectric layer between the glass substrate and the functional layer, and comprise a shielding layer on the silicon oxide-containing layer. The glass article can be used as a window glass for automobile.