Bulk paint and ceramic powder systems, methods of forming same, and methods of forming a flexible ceramic coating on a metal substrate are disclosed. The systems may include a ceramic composition having between 2 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, such as K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof, between 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2, and between 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Additives that are nonwetting with molten metals, such as boron nitride, provide durable coatings for metal processing operations. The ceramic composition may include less than 5 weight percent additional metal oxides. The bulk paint system further may include water and a cellulosic suspension agent to form a bulk paint. The ceramic powder system may be processed to form a uniform powder. The bulk paint or uniform powder may be applied to a metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal substrate, dried, and heated to form a flexible coating on the metal substrate.

The present invention relates to an enamel composition capable of removing sugars as well as poultry oils as contaminants at a low temperature by using a catalyst oxide, to a manufacturing method therefor, and cooking utensils. The present invention provides an enamel composition, a manufacturing method therefor, and cooking utensils, wherein the enamel composition is capable of removing sugars as well as poultry oils as contaminants at a low temperature by comprising: at least one of SiO.sub.2, B.sub.2O.sub.3, Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and K.sub.2O; and TiO.sub.2.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance including an enamel composition are provided. The enamel composition may include a base glass frit, and a catalytic glass frit. Further, the enamel composition may include 3 to 20 parts by weight of the catalytic glass frit based on 100 parts by weight of the base glass frit.

Bulk paint and ceramic powder systems, methods of forming same, and methods of forming a flexible ceramic coating on a metal substrate are disclosed. The systems may include a ceramic composition having between 2 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, such as K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof, between 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2, and between 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Additives that are nonwetting with molten metals, such as boron nitride, provide durable coatings for metal processing operations. The ceramic composition may include less than 5 weight percent additional metal oxides. The bulk paint system further may include water and a cellulosic suspension agent to form a bulk paint. The ceramic powder system may be processed to form a uniform powder. The bulk paint or uniform powder may be applied to a metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal substrate, dried, and heated to form a flexible coating on the metal substrate.

Glass composite coating systems herein may be used for industrial applications serving as a chemical barrier against substrate oxidation or other deterioration by corrosive agents, may prevent material build-up in process piping and equipment, may provide for improved bonding strength between concrete and reinforcing media, and may inhibit microbial build-up on exposed surfaces. Traditionally, glass coatings are emplaced on relatively pristine, pre-prepared surfaces. Glass composite coating systems described herein may be bonded to untreated substrates, without the need to clean, polish and/or pre-treat the substrate.

The invention relates to a composition for producing a solar absorber coating, comprising a silicone resin formulated with: (i) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of black ruthenium oxides and black spinel; and (ii) a glass powder. A method of applying the composition and coatings formed are also provided.

An enamel composition, a method for preparing an enamel composition, and a cooking appliance are provided. The enamel composition may include silicon dioxide (SiO.sub.2) at 25 to 50 wt %; boron oxide (B.sub.2O.sub.3) at 1 to 15 wt %; one or more of lithium superoxide (Li.sub.2O), sodium oxide (Na.sub.2O), or potassium oxide (K.sub.2O) at 10 to 20 wt %; sodium fluoride (NaF) at 1 to 5 wt %; zinc oxide (ZnO) at 1 to 10 wt %; and one or more of titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2), molybdenum trioxide (MoO.sub.3), bismuth oxide (Bi.sub.2O.sub.3), or cerium dioxide (CeO.sub.2) at 20 to 40 wt %, such that a heating time required for cleaning is shortened and cleaning is possible without carrying out a water soaking process.

A method for producing a glass-like protective layer on an optionally pre-coated metal or glass substrate. The method comprises: (a) mixing one or more defined silicon compounds with NaOH and KOH, (b) adding water to the mixture obtained in (a) to hydrolyze the silicon compound(s), (c) adding at least one defined compound of formula MY.sub.m,
where M is Pb, Ti, Zr, Al or B, to the hydrolyzed mixture obtained in (b), wherein the molar ratio M/Si is from 0.01/1 to 0.04/1, to obtain a coating sol, (d) applying the coating sol obtained in (c) to the substrate, and (e) thermal densification of the coating sol applied in d) at a temperature of from 300° C. to 500° C. to form the glass-like protective layer.

Bulk paint and ceramic powder systems, methods of forming same, and methods of forming a flexible ceramic coating on a metal substrate are disclosed. The systems may include a ceramic composition having between 2 to 30 weight percent of an alkali metal oxide, such as K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, and Li.sub.2O or mixtures thereof, between 10 to 74 weight percent SiO.sub.2, and between 23 to 79 weight percent B.sub.2O.sub.3. Additives that are nonwetting with molten metals, such as boron nitride, provide durable coatings for metal processing operations. The ceramic composition may include less than 5 weight percent additional metal oxides. The bulk paint system further may include water and a cellulosic suspension agent to form a bulk paint. The ceramic powder system may be processed to form a uniform powder. The bulk paint or uniform powder may be applied to a metal substrate, such as a ferrous metal substrate, dried, and heated to form a flexible coating on the metal substrate.

A substrate for flexible device. The substrate has a nickel-plated metal sheet having a nickel-plating layer formed on at least one surface of a metal sheet or a nickel-based sheet, and a glass layer of an electrically-insulating layered bismuth-based glass on a surface of the nickel-plating layer or the nickel-based sheet. An oxide layer having a roughened surface is formed on the surface of the nickel-plating layer or the surface of the nickel-based sheet, and the bismuth-based glass contains 70 to 84% by weight of Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, 10 to 12% by weight of ZnO, and 6 to 12% by weight of B.sub.2O.sub.3. Also disclosed is a method for producing the substrate for flexible device, a substrate for an organic EL device, a sheet used as a substrate for flexible device, a method for producing the sheet and a bismuth-based lead-free glass composition.