A quartz glass crucible (1) includes: a crucible body (10) made of silica glass; and a crystallization-accelerator-containing layer (13) formed on an outer surface of the crucible body (10). A concentration of a crystallization accelerator contained in the crystallization-accelerator-containing layer (13) is 1.0×10.sup.13 atoms/cm.sup.2 or more and 4.8×10.sup.15 atoms/cm.sup.2 or less. The quarts glass crucible is intended to be capable of not only enduring a single crystal pulling-up process that takes a very long time, such as multi-pulling, but also stably controlling the oxygen concentration and crystal diameter of a silicon single crystal by eliminating a gap between the carbon susceptor and the crucible as much as possible.

A fused quartz crucible for pulling a single crystal of silicon by the Czochralski technique, has an inner side with an inner layer of fused quartz that forms a surface, the inner layer being provided with a crystallization promoter which on heating of the fused quartz crucible during use, in crystal pulling, causes crystallization of fused quartz to form b-cristobalite, wherein the concentration C of synthetically obtained SiO.sub.2 at a distance d from the surface is greater than the concentration of synthetically obtained SiO.sub.2 at a distance d2 from the surface, where d2 is greater than d. Multiple crystals can be grown while maintaining high crystal quality.

Disclosed are a transition metal chalcogenide thin-layer material, a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises: uniformly spreading a transition metal source between two substrates to prepare a sandwich structure; performing a heat treatment on the sandwich structure to fuse and bond the two substrates together, and performing a chemical vapor deposition reaction on a chalcogen element source and the fused and bonded sandwich structure under the protection of a protective gas, wherein the transition metal source is heated to dissolve and diffuse at a reaction temperature, separated out from surfaces of the substrates, and reacts with the chalcogen element source. The prepared thin-layer material is uniformly distributed in a centimeter-level substrate.

A glass article includes a central layer including a first crystalline phase having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and a surface layer surrounding an entirety of the central layer and including a second crystalline phase having a second coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than the first coefficient of thermal expansion. Accordingly, the strength of the glass article may be improved.

The present invention includes a method of creating electrical air gap low loss low cost RF mechanically and thermally stabilized interdigitated resonate filter in photo definable glass ceramic substrate. Where a ground plane may be used to adjacent to or below the RF filter in order to prevent parasitic electronic signals, RF signals, differential voltage build up and floating grounds from disrupting and degrading the performance of isolated electronic devices by the fabrication of electrical isolation and ground plane structures on a photo-definable glass substrate.

The present invention includes a method of creating electrical air gap low loss low cost RF mechanically and thermally stabilized interdigitated resonate filter in photo definable glass ceramic substrate. Where a ground plane may be used to adjacent to or below the RF filter in order to prevent parasitic electronic signals, RF signals, differential voltage build up and floating grounds from disrupting and degrading the performance of isolated electronic devices by the fabrication of electrical isolation and ground plane structures on a photo-definable glass substrate.

A coating film-attached glass comprising a glass substrate, and a coating film provided on at least a part of a surface of the glass substrate, in which a region from the surface of the glass substrate on the coating film side to a predetermined depth is a modified layer, and the modified layer has a microcrystalline structure at least in part.

The present invention includes a method of creating electrical air gap low loss low cost RF mechanically and thermally stabilized interdigitated resonate filter in photo definable glass ceramic substrate. Where a ground plane may be used to adjacent to or below the RF filter in order to prevent parasitic electronic signals, RF signals, differential voltage build up and floating grounds from disrupting and degrading the performance of isolated electronic devices by the fabrication of electrical isolation and ground plane structures on a photo-definable glass substrate.

The present invention includes a method of creating electrical air gap low loss low cost RF mechanically and thermally stabilized interdigitated resonate filter in photo definable glass ceramic substrate. Where a ground plane may be used to adjacent to or below the RF filter in order to prevent parasitic electronic signals, RF signals, differential voltage build up and floating grounds from disrupting and degrading the performance of isolated electronic devices by the fabrication of electrical isolation and ground plane structures on a photo-definable glass substrate.

Surface having properties for reducing diffuse light due to water condensation, wherein the antifog means consist in atomic aggregates adhered to and dispersed over the surface, wherein the aggregates are selected among the transition metals and the silicon. It is also related to a method for obtaining a surface having properties for reducing diffuse light due to water condensation a wavelength selected in the range from 100 nm to 50 micrometers, comprising the steps of selecting the wavelength, obtaining a glass or polymer surface that has been subjected to optical polishing and adhering to the surface atomic aggregates which are selected among the transition metals and the silicon with a separation between them being lower than or having an order of the selected wavelength selected. Thus a durable antifogging surface is obtained.