A glass container includes a glass body comprising an external surface, an internal surface opposite the external surface, a thickness T extending between the external surface and the internal surface, and an external surface layer extending from the external surface into the thickness of the glass body, wherein the external surface layer has a porosity greater than a porosity of a remainder of the glass body extending from the external surface layer to the internal surface.

A glass sheet includes a first main surface and a second main surface opposite to the first main surface in a thickness direction. X represented by the following formula (1) is −0.29<X<0.29: A×Δ.sup.1H/.sup.30Si+B×ΔNa.sub.2O+C×ΔSn+D×ΔF=X (1). F.sub.0-3 determined according to the following formula (II) is 0.02 or more: F.sub.0-3=[average fluorine concentration (wt %) by SIMS at depth of 0 to 3 μm in first main surface]×3 (II).

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing an optical element (202), wherein a blank of transparent material is heated and/or provided and, after heating and/or after being provided between a first mold (UF) and at least one second mold (OF), is press molded to form the optical element (202), in particular on both sides, and is then sprayed with a surface treatment agent.

The invention relates to an installation (1) for treating the inner face (6) of the wall (3) of a glass container (2), which wall (3) delimits a receiving cavity (4) and an opening (5) providing access to the cavity (4), the installation (1) comprising a source (12) of a treatment substance (13) and a means (15) for dispensing the treatment substance (13) into the cavity (4) of the container (1), said dispensing means (15) comprising a metering chamber (16) which extends between an inlet orifice (18) and an opposite outlet orifice (19) intended to be positioned above the opening (5) of the container, and also an upper shutter (20) and a lower shutter (21) for the chamber (16), which are positioned in a tiered manner at the inlet orifice (18) and the outlet orifice (19), respectively, of the chamber (16).

Installations and methods for treating glass containers.

A vacuum insulated structure for use in an appliance includes an inner liner and an outer wrapper coupled to the inner liner. A vacuum insulated cavity is defined therebetween. An insulation material is disposed in the vacuum insulated cavity. The insulation material includes porous glass flakes.

A method for treating a lead-containing glass that makes it possible to limit the migration of the lead contained in this glass, the method successively comprising the following distinct steps: a step of placing the lead-containing glass in contact with a solution comprising perchloric acid; a step of heat treatment of the glass at a temperature less than or equal to the glass transition temperature of the glass.

A method for structuring an anti-counterfeit marking (18) in the thickness of an object (1) made from an at least partially transparent amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline material, the at least partially transparent object (1) comprising a top surface (2) and a bottom surface (4) which extends at a distance from the top surface (2).

Provided is a method for producing a porous glass member whereby excellent productivity can be achieved because of a high etching rate during acidic treatment and a porous glass member having excellent alkali resistance can be obtained. A method for producing a porous glass member includes the steps of: subjecting a glass base material containing, in terms of % by mole, 40 to 80% SiO.sub.2, over 0 to 40% B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0 to 20% Li.sub.2O, 0 to 20% Na.sub.aO, 0 to 20% K.sub.2O, over 0 to 10% TiO.sub.2, over 0 to 20% ZrO.sub.2, 0 to 10% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and 0 to 20% RO (where R represents at least one selected from among Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) and having a molar ratio of Li.sub.2O/Na.sub.2O of 0 to 0.16 to thermal treatment to separate the glass base material into two phases; and removing one of the two phases with an acid.

A radically polymerizable dental material having at least one radically polymerizable monomer without acid groups, at least one radically polymerizable monomer containing an acid group, at least one fluoroaluminosilicate glass filler and/or radiopaque glass filler, and at least one initiator for the radical polymerization, wherein the filler is an acid-treated fluoroaluminosilicate glass filler and/or radiopaque glass filler.

A method is disclosed, for removal of tin deposits from a glass substrate during a float glass manufacturing process. An acidic gas, such as hydrogen fluoride, is delivered to the substrate surface using chemical vapour deposition apparatus.