An optical fiber comprises a glass fiber comprising a core and a cladding, and a coating resin layer, wherein the coating resin layer has a primary resin layer being in contact with the glass fiber and coating the glass fiber, and a secondary resin layer coating the primary resin layer, and the primary resin layer and the secondary resin layer are resin layers containing inorganic oxide particles.

Novel chemical sensors that improve detection and quantification of CO.sub.2 are critical to ensuring safe and cost-effective monitoring of carbon storage sites. Fiber optic (FO) based chemical sensor systems are promising field-deployable systems for real-time monitoring of CO.sub.2 in geological formations for long-range distributed sensing. In this work, a mixed-matrix composite integrated FO sensor system was developed that reliably operates as a detector for gas-phase and dissolved CO.sub.2. A mixed-matrix composite sensor coating on the FO sensor comprising plasmonic nanocrystals and zeolite embedded in a polymer matrix. The mixed-matrix composite FO sensor showed excellent reversibility/stability in a high humidity environment and sensitivity to gas-phase CO.sub.2 over a large concentration range. The sensor exhibited the ability to sense CO.sub.2 in the presence of other geologically relevant gases, which is of importance for applications in geological formations. A prototype FO sensor configuration which possesses a robust sensing capability for monitoring dissolved CO.sub.2 in natural water was demonstrated. Reproducibility was confirmed over many cycles, both in a laboratory setting and in the field.

Novel chemical sensors that improve detection and quantification of CO.sub.2 are critical to ensuring safe and cost-effective monitoring of carbon storage sites. Fiber optic (FO) based chemical sensor systems are promising field-deployable systems for real-time monitoring of CO.sub.2 in geological formations for long-range distributed sensing. In this work, a mixed-matrix composite integrated FO sensor system was developed that reliably operates as a detector for gas-phase and dissolved CO.sub.2. A mixed-matrix composite sensor coating on the FO sensor comprising plasmonic nanocrystals and zeolite embedded in a polymer matrix. The mixed-matrix composite FO sensor showed excellent reversibility/stability in a high humidity environment and sensitivity to gas-phase CO.sub.2 over a large concentration range. The sensor exhibited the ability to sense CO.sub.2 in the presence of other geologically relevant gases, which is of importance for applications in geological formations. A prototype FO sensor configuration which possesses a robust sensing capability for monitoring dissolved CO.sub.2 in natural water was demonstrated. Reproducibility was confirmed over many cycles, both in a laboratory setting and in the field.

A composite yarn comprising a continuous multifilament core yarn incorporated in a matrix, is characterized in that the matrix comprises at least one polymer material and at least one reinforcing filler, the reinforcing filler being formed from functionalized particles, said particles having a median size (d.sub.v50) of less than 40 μm.

A process for manufacturing such a composite yarn, comprises at least one step of depositing, by coating or extrusion, a matrix comprising a polymer and a reinforcing filler, onto a core yarn.

A textile surface comprises at least one such composite yarn.

A composite yarn comprising a continuous multifilament core yarn incorporated in a matrix, is characterized in that the matrix comprises at least one polymer material and at least one reinforcing filler, the reinforcing filler being formed from functionalized particles, said particles having a median size (d.sub.v50) of less than 40 μm.

A process for manufacturing such a composite yarn, comprises at least one step of depositing, by coating or extrusion, a matrix comprising a polymer and a reinforcing filler, onto a core yarn.

A textile surface comprises at least one such composite yarn.

A composite yarn comprising a continuous multifilament core yarn incorporated in a matrix is characterised in that the matrix comprises at least one polymer material and at least one reinforcing filler, the reinforcing filler being formed from functionalized particles, said particles having a median size (d.sub.v5o) of less than 40 μm. A process for manufacturing such a composite yarn, comprises at least one step of depositing, by coating or extrusion, a matrix comprising a polymer and a reinforcing filler, onto a core yarn. A textile surface comprises at least one such composite yarn.

A reinforcing sheet including one or more layers of a reinforcing material, and a thermosetting adhesive associated with the reinforcing material, wherein the thermosetting adhesive includes a curing agent, and an epoxy-modified dimerized fatty acid combined with an epoxy terminated polyurethane interpenetrating network.

A reinforcing sheet including one or more layers of a reinforcing material, and a thermosetting adhesive associated with the reinforcing material, wherein the thermosetting adhesive includes a curing agent, and an epoxy-modified dimerized fatty acid combined with an epoxy terminated polyurethane interpenetrating network.

A resin composition comprises a base resin containing a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer and a photopolymerization initiator, and a hydrophobized spherical inorganic oxide, wherein the inorganic oxide is dispersed in the resin composition and a content of the inorganic oxide is 1 to 60% by mass based on a total amount of the resin composition.

A resin composition comprises a base resin containing a urethane (meth)acrylate oligomer, a monomer and a photopolymerization initiator, and a hydrophobized spherical inorganic oxide, wherein the inorganic oxide is dispersed in the resin composition and a content of the inorganic oxide is 1 to 60% by mass based on a total amount of the resin composition.