Processes for increasing an affinity of a filter media to airborne viral particles. A fiber substrate comprising borosilicate is provided. The fiber substrate may comprise acidic functional groups. A metal salt solution is introduced to the fiber substrate to form a treated substrate. The metal salt solution includes divalent and/or trivalent metal cations. The pH of the metal salt solution is adjusted, and a divalent and/or trivalent metal cation is exchanged with a proton from the acidic functional groups. The metal may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.001 to about 3.0 wt. % of the treated fiber substrate. The treated fiber substrate is incorporated into a filter media before or after the deposition of the metal onto the fiber substrate.

Processes for increasing an affinity of a filter media to airborne viral particles. A fiber substrate comprising borosilicate is provided. The fiber substrate may comprise acidic functional groups. A metal salt solution is introduced to the fiber substrate to form a treated substrate. The metal salt solution includes divalent and/or trivalent metal cations. The pH of the metal salt solution is adjusted, and a divalent and/or trivalent metal cation is exchanged with a proton from the acidic functional groups. The metal may be present in an amount ranging from about 0.001 to about 3.0 wt. % of the treated fiber substrate. The treated fiber substrate is incorporated into a filter media before or after the deposition of the metal onto the fiber substrate.

An electrically conductive article that includes a monolithic glass body having a first primary surface; and an electrically conducting element formed in the body. The element includes a discrete layer, or a plurality of discrete layers, of metallic silver. Each layer has a thickness T such that 0.1 mT0.5 m and an electrical resistivity of about 50 n.Math.m to about 2000 n.Math.m. In addition, the element is spaced apart from the first primary surface by a distance D, wherein 0.1 mD20 m. In some aspects, the electrically conducting element and/or the monolithic glass body are configured as an antenna assembly, an optical fiber or a flexible glass substrate.

An electrically conductive article that includes a monolithic glass body having a first primary surface; and an electrically conducting element formed in the body. The element includes a discrete layer, or a plurality of discrete layers, of metallic silver. Each layer has a thickness T such that 0.1 mT0.5 m and an electrical resistivity of about 50 n.Math.m to about 2000 n.Math.m. In addition, the element is spaced apart from the first primary surface by a distance D, wherein 0.1 mD20 m. In some aspects, the electrically conducting element and/or the monolithic glass body are configured as an antenna assembly, an optical fiber or a flexible glass substrate.