A glass container includes a glass body comprising an external surface, an internal surface opposite the external surface, a thickness T extending between the external surface and the internal surface, and an external surface layer extending from the external surface into the thickness of the glass body, wherein the external surface layer has a porosity greater than a porosity of a remainder of the glass body extending from the external surface layer to the internal surface.

A glass container includes a glass body comprising an external surface, an internal surface opposite the external surface, a thickness T extending between the external surface and the internal surface, and an external surface layer extending from the external surface into the thickness of the glass body, wherein the external surface layer has a porosity greater than a porosity of a remainder of the glass body extending from the external surface layer to the internal surface.

A glass composition includes from 55.0 mol % to 75.0 mol % SiO.sub.2; from 8.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; from 3.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li.sub.2O; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na.sub.2O; and less than or equal to 1.5 mol % K.sub.2O. The glass composition has the following relationships: Al.sub.2O.sub.3+Li.sub.2O is greater than 22.5 mol %, R.sub.2O+RO is greater than or equal to 18.0 mol %, R.sub.2O/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is greater than or equal to 1.06, SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5 is greater than or equal to 78.0 mol %, and (SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5)/Li.sub.2O is greater than or equal to 8.0. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

A glass composition includes from 55.0 mol % to 75.0 mol % SiO.sub.2; from 8.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; from 3.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li.sub.2O; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na.sub.2O; and less than or equal to 1.5 mol % K.sub.2O. The glass composition has the following relationships: Al.sub.2O.sub.3+Li.sub.2O is greater than 22.5 mol %, R.sub.2O+RO is greater than or equal to 18.0 mol %, R.sub.2O/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is greater than or equal to 1.06, SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5 is greater than or equal to 78.0 mol %, and (SiO.sub.2+Al.sub.2O.sub.3+B.sub.2O.sub.3+P.sub.2O.sub.5)/Li.sub.2O is greater than or equal to 8.0. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

A pH-switchable carrier composition includes a plurality of bioactive glass particles, wherein each of the bioactive glass particle is optionally at least a partially coated with a surface modifier; wherein the bioactive glass particles, with or without, the surface modifier can bind to a nucleic acid compound upon contact at pH in the range of about 7 to about 11, and exhibit controlled release of the nucleic acid compound at pH in the range of about 5 to 6.

A pH-switchable carrier composition includes a plurality of bioactive glass particles, wherein each of the bioactive glass particle is optionally at least a partially coated with a surface modifier; wherein the bioactive glass particles, with or without, the surface modifier can bind to a nucleic acid compound upon contact at pH in the range of about 7 to about 11, and exhibit controlled release of the nucleic acid compound at pH in the range of about 5 to 6.

An article comprises a glass substrate. The glass substrate has a first surface having a plurality of vias therein, and a second surface parallel to the first surface. At least one of the first surface and the second surface is an etched surface having a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.75 nm or less. The glass substrate comprises, in mol percent on an oxide basis: 65 mol %≤SiO.sub.2≤75 mol %; 7 mol %≤Al.sub.2O.sub.3≤15 mol %; 26.25 mol %≤RO+Al.sub.2O.sub.3−B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 mol %≤R.sub.2O≤2 mol %. RO=MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO. R.sub.2O=Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O+Rb.sub.2O+Cs.sub.2O.

An article comprises a glass substrate. The glass substrate has a first surface having a plurality of vias therein, and a second surface parallel to the first surface. At least one of the first surface and the second surface is an etched surface having a surface roughness (Ra) of 0.75 nm or less. The glass substrate comprises, in mol percent on an oxide basis: 65 mol %≤SiO.sub.2≤75 mol %; 7 mol %≤Al.sub.2O.sub.3≤15 mol %; 26.25 mol %≤RO+Al.sub.2O.sub.3−B.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 mol %≤R.sub.2O≤2 mol %. RO=MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO+ZnO. R.sub.2O=Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+K.sub.2O+Rb.sub.2O+Cs.sub.2O.

Embodiments of a glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0.Math.t up to 0.3.Math.t and from greater than 0.7.Math.t, comprise a tangent that is less than about −0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0.Math.t to about 0.3.Math.t). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness. Methods for forming such glass-based articles are also disclosed.

Embodiments of a glass-based article including a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface defining a thickness (t) of about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., about 1 millimeter or less), and a stress profile, wherein all points of the stress profile between a thickness range from about 0.Math.t up to 0.3.Math.t and from greater than 0.7.Math.t, comprise a tangent that is less than about −0.1 MPa/micrometers or greater than about 0.1 MPa/micrometers, are disclosed. In some embodiments, the glass-based article includes a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies along at least a portion of the thickness (e.g., 0.Math.t to about 0.3.Math.t). In some embodiments, the concentration of metal oxide or alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a point between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the point to the second surface. The concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.05 mol % or greater or about 0.5 mol % or greater throughout the thickness. Methods for forming such glass-based articles are also disclosed.