Glass comprising a colored layer, wherein the glass contains one or more glass components selected from the group consisting of Sb ions, As ions, Sn ions, and Ce ions in an amount of 0.075 cation % or more.

A composition for solar cell electrodes including a conductive powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle. The glass frit contains tellurium (Te), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), and at least one of lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi). A molar ratio of the sum of lead and bismuth to zinc ranges from about 1 to about 20. A molar ratio of tellurium to sodium ranges from about 1 to about 15.

Disclosed are biodegradable glass substrates that are useful as functional elements of solid-state devices. In particular, biodegradable glass substrates having a rapidly degradable glass and a slowly degradable glass provide a structural platform that completely dissolves following a desired operational lifetime of devices such as implanted electronic devices, implanted sensor devices, and optical fibers.

Disclosed are biodegradable glass substrates that are useful as functional elements of solid-state devices. In particular, biodegradable glass substrates having a rapidly degradable glass and a slowly degradable glass provide a structural platform that completely dissolves following a desired operational lifetime of devices such as implanted electronic devices, implanted sensor devices, and optical fibers.

A conductive paste for forming a solar cell electrode, including: a conductive powder containing silver as a main component; glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit contains tellurium glass frit having tellurium oxide as a network-forming component. The conductive paste of the present invention makes it possible to form a solar cell electrode having a low dependence on firing temperature without causing problems due to fire-through into the substrate, and to thereby obtain a solar cell having good solar cell characteristics.

A conductive paste for forming a solar cell electrode, including: a conductive powder containing silver as a main component; glass frit; and an organic vehicle, wherein the glass frit contains tellurium glass frit having tellurium oxide as a network-forming component. The conductive paste of the present invention makes it possible to form a solar cell electrode having a low dependence on firing temperature without causing problems due to fire-through into the substrate, and to thereby obtain a solar cell having good solar cell characteristics.

A dissolvable glass projectile for a firearm is molded from dissolvable glass for the ammunitions and firearms industry. The dissolvable glass projectile may be molded into different sizes or geometry based on firearm and user preference. A mixture of chemicals components are heated and melted and then poured into a mold and is allowed to cool to a solid that can be handled.

A method of forming a sealed device comprising providing a first substrate having a first surface, providing a second substrate adjacent the first substrate, and forming a weld between an interface of the first substrate and the adjacent second substrate, wherein the weld is characterized by ((σ.sub.tensile stress location)/(σ.sub.interface laser weld))<<1 or <1 and σ.sub.interface laser weld>10 MPa or >1 MPa where σ.sub.tensile stress location is the stress present in the first substrate and σ.sub.interface laser weld is the stress present at the interface. This method may be used to manufacture a variety of different sealed packages.

A method of forming a sealed device comprising providing a first substrate having a first surface, providing a second substrate adjacent the first substrate, and forming a weld between an interface of the first substrate and the adjacent second substrate, wherein the weld is characterized by ((σ.sub.tensile stress location)/(σ.sub.interface laser weld))<<1 or <1 and σ.sub.interface laser weld>10 MPa or >1 MPa where σ.sub.tensile stress location is the stress present in the first substrate and σ.sub.interface laser weld is the stress present at the interface. This method may be used to manufacture a variety of different sealed packages.

A method of making a surface-active glass as regenerative anti-fouling material comprising mixing Na.sub.2O and B.sub.2O.sub.3, creating a surface-active glass with a water-soluble glass matrix, wherein the surface-active glass comprises a sodium borate glass consisting of 25 mol % Na.sub.2O and 75 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3 or wherein the surface-active glass comprises a sodium aluminoborate glass consisting of 10-30 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 10-30 mol % Na.sub.2O and 70-40 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3.