A method for preparing all-solid-state photonic crystal fiber preform by extrusion by aligning the center of the first jacking end of the first jacking rod with the center of the core outlet mold. The adverse effect on this part of extruded core glass by oxygen or other impurities in air during the extrusion out of the core outlets can be avoided. The defects on the core glass surface and the cladding glass surface can be effectively removed, and the purity and quality of the core component in the obtained fiber preform can be improved.

A standalone lithium ion-conductive sulfide solid electrolyte can include a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium-ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner. Methods of making and using the electrolyte, and battery cells and cell components incorporating the electrolyte are also disclosed.

A standalone lithium ion-conductive sulfide solid electrolyte can include a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium-ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner. Methods of making and using the electrolyte, and battery cells and cell components incorporating the electrolyte are also disclosed.

Methods and systems for providing de-icing and/or de-fogging of an optical element include providing a resistive layer on an optically transparent material. In one embodiment, an optical system includes an optical device having a moldable optical material having a first surface, a resistive transparent material deposited in a layer on the first surface, and a conductive pad in electrical contact with the resistive transparent material. A method can include providing a moldable optical material having a first surface, a resistive transparent material deposited in a layer on the first surface, and a conductive pad in electrical contact with the resistive transparent material, and providing electrical energy to the conductive pad to heat the resistive transparent material.

Provided is a ceramic complex having high luminous characteristics. Proposed is a ceramic complex including a rare earth aluminate fluorescent material, glass, and calcium fluoride, wherein, when the total amount of the rare earth aluminate fluorescent material, the glass, and the calcium fluoride is taken as 100% by volume, the content of the rare earth aluminate fluorescent material is in a range of 15% by volume or more and 60% by volume or less, the content of the glass is in a range of 3% by volume or more and 84% by volume or less, and the content of the calcium fluoride is in a range of 1% by volume or more and 60% by volume of less.

Provided is an ATR prism, including a material having an internal transmittance of 90% or higher at a wavelength falling within a wavelength range of from 8 μm to 10 μm, when the material has a thickness of 2 mm. The ATR prism includes: a first surface including a first totally reflecting surface; a second surface including a second totally reflecting surface; and a recessed portion formed in one of the first surface or the second surface.

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).

A pseudo-reference electrode comprising a pseudo-reference glass material backed by a silver conductor comprising silver metal, wherein the pseudo-reference glass material is a chalcogenide glass comprising a silver chalcogenide Ag2Ch, wherein Ch denotes a chalcogen, or a halide glass comprising a silver halide and at least one glass-forming oxide of a metal or a metalloid, a mixture of two or more of these glasses, or a composite of at least one of these glasses. This pseudo-reference electrode can be used in ion-selective electrode (ISE) sensors and ion-selective field effect transistors (ISFETs).

A standalone lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner.

Provided is a chalcogenide glass material having excellent weather resistance and being suitable as an optical element for an infrared sensor. The chalcogenide glass material contains, in terms of % by mole, 20 to 99% Te and has an antireflection film formed thereon.