A pH-switchable carrier composition includes a plurality of bioactive glass particles, wherein each of the bioactive glass particle is optionally at least a partially coated with a surface modifier; wherein the bioactive glass particles, with or without, the surface modifier can bind to a nucleic acid compound upon contact at pH in the range of about 7 to about 11, and exhibit controlled release of the nucleic acid compound at pH in the range of about 5 to 6.

A pH-switchable carrier composition includes a plurality of bioactive glass particles, wherein each of the bioactive glass particle is optionally at least a partially coated with a surface modifier; wherein the bioactive glass particles, with or without, the surface modifier can bind to a nucleic acid compound upon contact at pH in the range of about 7 to about 11, and exhibit controlled release of the nucleic acid compound at pH in the range of about 5 to 6.

A method of modifying glass frit involves treating the frit with a grain-boundary-healing compound. The method increases transmission and clarity, and reduces haze of a fired enamel coating made from such modified glass frit as compared to a coating not made from such modified glass frit. The grain-boundary-healing compound influences the chemistry at the grain boundaries to prevent haze. The compound burns out to yield a fluxing material that dissolves alkaline carbonates or bicarbonates on the surface of the glass frit. The dissolved species are incorporated into the enamel coating, thereby promoting the fusion of the glass frit and reducing the amount of haze in the enamel coating. The additives also function to prevent the formation of seed crystals on the surface of the glass frit that may inhibit the fusion of the glass frit.

A method of modifying glass frit involves treating the frit with a grain-boundary-healing compound. The method increases transmission and clarity, and reduces haze of a fired enamel coating made from such modified glass frit as compared to a coating not made from such modified glass frit. The grain-boundary-healing compound influences the chemistry at the grain boundaries to prevent haze. The compound burns out to yield a fluxing material that dissolves alkaline carbonates or bicarbonates on the surface of the glass frit. The dissolved species are incorporated into the enamel coating, thereby promoting the fusion of the glass frit and reducing the amount of haze in the enamel coating. The additives also function to prevent the formation of seed crystals on the surface of the glass frit that may inhibit the fusion of the glass frit.

A mixed silver powder and a conductive paste comprising the powder are disclosed. The mixed silver powder is obtained by mixing two or more spherical silver powders having different properties from each other. The mixed powder may minimize the disadvantages of the respective types of the two or more powders and maximize the advantages thereof, thereby improving the characteristics of products. In addition, by comprehensively controlling the particle size distribution of surface-treated mixed silver powder and the particle diameter and specific gravity of primary particles, a high-density conductor pattern, a precise line pattern, and the suppression of aggregation over time can be simultaneously achieved.

A mixed silver powder and a conductive paste comprising the powder are disclosed. The mixed silver powder is obtained by mixing two or more spherical silver powders having different properties from each other. The mixed powder may minimize the disadvantages of the respective types of the two or more powders and maximize the advantages thereof, thereby improving the characteristics of products. In addition, by comprehensively controlling the particle size distribution of surface-treated mixed silver powder and the particle diameter and specific gravity of primary particles, a high-density conductor pattern, a precise line pattern, and the suppression of aggregation over time can be simultaneously achieved.

The present disclosure discloses a low LOI tellurium-lithium-silicon-zirconium frit system and a conductive paste and application thereof, and belongs to the field of conductive paste. In the low LOI tellurium-lithium-silicon-zirconium frit system, components of the frit are 24%-40% TeO.sub.2, 18%-24% Li.sub.2O, 4%-13% SiO.sub.2, 0-2% ZrO.sub.2, and a balance MO.sub.x, and M is one or a mixture of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, B, Al, Ga, Tl, Ge, Pb, P, and Bi. There is no need to add additional surfactants, a viscosity change of the conductive paste prepared after standing for 30 days is less than 20%, the conductive paste has good stability, the water related weight loss of inorganic oxide of the conductive paste is less than 1.6%, and the application performance of the conductive paste is not affected after standing for 30 days.

The present invention provides a highly reliable multilayered glass panel and an encapsulating material for achieving the highly reliable multilayered glass panel. The encapsulating material includes lead-free low melting glass particles containing vanadium oxide and tellurium oxide, low thermal expansion filler particles, and glass beads as a solid content. A volume fraction of the glass beads in the solid content is not less than 10% to not more than 35%, and a volume fraction of the lead-free low melting glass particles in the solid content is larger than a volume fraction of the low thermal expansion filler in the solid content.

A paste for ceramic 3D shaping according to the present invention is a paste for ceramic 3D shaping containing a curable resin and inorganic particles, in which the inorganic particles contain ceramic particles and glass particles.

A fluid for stabilising solids formed from particulate material, the fluid comprising glass and a carrier. A method for preparing the fluid comprising melting and fritting a glass, milling the glass to form a powder and adding the milled glass to a carrier. A method of stabilising a solid formed from particulate material, the method comprising the steps of mixing the fluid with a particulate material and setting, and the use of the fluid, in geoengineering, building preservation, construction, tunnelling, landscape restoration, land remediation, and/or flood protection/remediation.