In some embodiments, a ceramic armor product includes: a ceramic powder; an at least one metal-based additive; and a density of 4.3-4.7 g/cc, wherein the ceramic armor product is substantially lacking grain orientation. In some embodiments, a ceramic armor product, includes: a ceramic powder, wherein the ceramic powder is titanium diboride (TiB2); an at least one metal-based additive, wherein the at least one metal based additive comprises elements ranging from atomic numbers 21 through 30, 39 through 51, and 57 through 77; and a density of 4.3-4.7 g/cc, wherein the ceramic armor product is substantially lacking grain orientation.

Provided is a method for producing a β-sialon fluorescent material, comprising preparing a composition containing a silicon nitride that contains aluminium, oxygen, and europium; heat-treating the composition at a temperature in a range of 1300° C. or more and 1600° C. or less to obtain a heat-treated product; subjecting the heat-treated product to a temperature-decrease of from the heat treatment temperature to 1000° C. as a first temperature-decrease step; and subjecting the heat-treated product to a temperature-decrease of from 1000° C. to 400° C. as a second temperature-decrease step. The first temperature-decrease step has a temperature-decrease rate in a range of 1.5° C./min or more and 200° C./min or less, and the second temperature-decrease step has a temperature-decrease rate in a range of 1° C./min or more and 200° C./min or less.

Provided is a sputtering target, the sputtering target containing 0.05 at % or more of Bi and having a total content of metal oxides of from 10 vol % to 60 vol %, the balance containing at least Co and Pt.

An extrudable ceramic precursor mixture and method of use includes: an inorganic ceramic-forming component, a first siloxane prepolymer, a second siloxane prepolymer with a different composition than the first siloxane prepolymer, a catalyst adapted to catalyze polymerization of the first siloxane prepolymer with the second siloxane prepolymer into a siloxane-based polymer, and a thermally curable siloxane-based cross-linking agent adapted to crosslink the siloxane-based polymer. Comprised is a polydimethylsiloxane having a vinyl functional group and a polydimethylsiloxane having a silicon hydride functional group.

A cerium-zirconium-aluminum-based composite material, a cGPF catalyst and a preparation method thereof are provided. The cerium-zirconium-aluminum-based composite material adopts a stepwise precipitation method, firstly preparing an aluminum-based pre-treated material, then coprecipitating the aluminum-based pre-treated material with zirconium and cerium sol, and finally roasting at high temperature to obtain the cerium-zirconium-aluminum-based composite material. The cerium-zirconium-aluminum-based composite material has better compactness and higher density, and when it is used in cGPF catalyst, it occupies a smaller volume of pores on the catalyst carrier, such that cGPF catalyst has lower back pressure and better ash accumulation resistance, which is beneficial to large-scale application of cGPF catalyst.

A ceramic powder for a ceramic component, in particular based on zirconia and/or alumina, in particular for a timepiece or jewelry piece. The powder includes at least one noble metal among platinum, rhodium, osmium, palladium, ruthenium and iridium, at a quantity of less than or equal to 5% by weight.

A cutting element comprises a supporting substrate, and a cutting table attached to an end of the supporting substrate. The cutting table comprises inter-bonded diamond particles, and a thermally stable material within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond particles. The thermally stable material comprises a carbide precipitate having the general chemical formula, A.sub.3XZ.sub.n-1, where A comprises one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, and U; X comprises one or more of Al, Ga, Sn, Be, Bi, Te, Sb, Se, As, Ge, Si, B, and P; Z comprises C; and n is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.75. A method of forming a cutting element, an earth-boring tool, a supporting substrate, and a method of forming a supporting substrate are also described.

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate and its method of formation is disclosed. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate comprises a solid support, a first noble metal nanoparticles is disposed on the solid support, a porous oxide layer comprising transition metal oxide nanoparticles is disposed on the first noble metal nanoparticles and a second noble metal nanoparticles is disposed on the porous oxide layer. The porous oxide layer prevents contact between the first noble metal nanoparticles and the second noble metal nanoparticles and has a mean pore size of 2 to 30 nm.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

A method for introducing a soft metal into a hard coating during a physical vapor deposition process. The method including steps of providing a substrate; depositing a bonding layer on the substrate; and depositing the hard coating on the bonding layer using vapor deposition wherein the soft metal forms islands in the hard coating.