A method of separating a mixture of used refractory components of different chemistry types obtained from a demolished refractory includes hydrating the mixture of refractory components to destructively hydrate at least some components of the mixture of refractory components, and separating, based on size, the at least some components from other components of the mixture of refractory components.

A dielectric composition includes dielectric particles and first segregations. The dielectric particles each include a perovskite compound represented by ABO.sub.3 as a main component. The first segregations each include at least Ba, P, and O. A molar ratio (Ba/Ti) of Ba to Ti in the first segregations is 1.20 or more.

A method for producing an electrically-conductive pellet includes reducing a size of a first material. The method also includes wetting the first material to produce a first slurry. The method also includes introducing the first slurry into a fluidizer to produce a first pellet. The method also includes reducing a size of a second material. The second material is an electrically-conductive material. The method also includes wetting the second material to produce a second slurry. The method also includes applying the second slurry to the first pellet.

A SiC powder containing 70% by mass or more of a β-SiC, wherein in a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution measured by a laser diffraction method, a D50 is 8 to 35 μm and a D10 is 5 μm or more.

A cutting element comprises a supporting substrate, and a cutting table attached to an end of the supporting substrate. The cutting table comprises inter-bonded diamond particles, and a thermally stable material within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond particles. The thermally stable material comprises a carbide precipitate having the general chemical formula, A.sub.3XZ.sub.n-1, where A comprises one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, and U; X comprises one or more of Al, Ga, Sn, Be, Bi, Te, Sb, Se, As, Ge, Si, B, and P; Z comprises C; and n is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.75. A method of forming a cutting element, an earth-boring tool, a supporting substrate, and a method of forming a supporting substrate are also described.

Provided are alumina particles containing molybdenum and with their shape controlled. The alumina particles contain phosphorus and molybdenum. The alumina particles are preferably plate-like or card house-like. The phosphorus is preferably unevenly distributed in surface layers of the alumina particles. Also provided are a resin composition containing the alumina particles and a resin, a molded body made by molding the resin composition, and a method for producing the alumina particle including a step of firing the aluminum compound in the presence of a molybdenum compound and a phosphorous compound.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

A nanoparticle cluster reduction method yields a new composition of matter including a large percentage (e.g., 75% or higher percentage) of primary nanoparticles in the new composition of matter. The particle reduction method reduces the size of nanoparticle clusters in material of the new composition of matter, allows particle reduction of specific nanoparticle cluster sizes, and allows particle reduction to primary nanoparticles. This new composition of matter can include a high permittivity and high resistivity dielectric compound. This new composition of matter, according to certain examples, has high permittivity, high resistivity, and low leakage current. In certain examples, the new composition of matter constitutes a dielectric energy storage device that is a battery with very high energy density, high operating voltage per cell, and an extended battery life cycle. An example method can include a controlled gas evolution reaction to reduce the size of nanoparticle clusters.

The invention relates to a lead-free piezoceramic material based on bismuth sodium titanate (BST) having the following parent composition: x(Bi.sub.0.5Na.sub.0.5)TiO.sub.3-yBaTiO.sub.3-zSrTiO.sub.3 where x+y+z=1 and 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0≤z≤0.07 or x(Bi.sub.0.5Na.sub.0.5)TiO.sub.3-yBaTiO.sub.3-zCaTiO.sub.3 where x+y+z=1 and 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z≤0.05 or x(Bi.sub.0.5Na.sub.0.5)TiO.sub.3-y(Bi.sub.0.5K.sub.0.5)TiO.sub.3-zBaTiO.sub.3 where x+y+z=1 and 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0≤z<1, characterized by addition of a phosphorus-containing material in a quantity that gives a phosphorus concentration of from 100 to 2000 ppm in the piezoceramic material.

Provided is a thermoelectric material satisfying (MX).sub.1+a(TX.sub.2).sub.n and having a superlattice structure, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group 13, Group 14, and Group 15, T is at least one element selected from Group 5, X is a chalcogenide element, a is a real number satisfying 0<a<1, and n is a natural number of 1 to 3.