A method of connecting two CMC substrates that includes providing two substrates; placing one substrate approximate to the other substrate, such that at least a portion of the two substrates overlap and define a brazing area; placing a brazing material approximate the brazing area; defining a primary raster pattern that encompasses the brazing area and a portion of the two substrates outside the brazing area; defining a secondary raster pattern that encompasses the brazing area; allowing a laser to scan the primary raster pattern to preheat the brazing area to a temperature below the brazing material's melting point; allowing the laser to scan the secondary raster pattern to heat the brazing area to a temperature that is above the brazing material's melting point; melting and allowing the brazing material to flow within the brazing area; and cooling the brazing area to form a brazed joint connecting the two substrates.

Herein disclosed is a method of treating a component of a fuel cell, which includes the step of exposing the component of the fuel cell to a source of electromagnetic radiation (EMR). The component comprises a first material. The EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm2. Preferably, the treatment process has one or more of the following effects: heating, drying, curing, sintering, annealing, sealing, alloying, evaporating, restructuring, foaming. In an embodiment, the substrate is a component in a fuel cell. Such component comprises an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, a catalyst, a barrier layer, a interconnect, a reformer, or reformer catalyst. In an embodiment, the substrate is a layer in a fuel cell or a portion of a layer in a fuel cell or a combination of layers in a fuel cell or a combination of partial layers in a fuel cell.

A method of joining a metal-ceramic substrate having metalization on at least one side to a metal body by using a metal alloy is disclosed. The metal body has a thickness of less than 1.0 mm, and the metal alloy contains aluminum and has a liquidus temperature of greater than 450° C. The resulting metal-ceramic module provides a strong bond between the metal body and the ceramic substrate. The resulting module is useful as a circuit carrier in electronic appliances, with the metal body preferably functioning as a cooling body.

Provided are a powder for laser manufacturing which can be stably manufactured and from which a three-dimensional manufactured object ensuring a manufacturing accuracy can be obtained and a using method thereof. A powder for ceramic manufacturing for obtaining a manufactured object by repeatedly sintering or fusing and solidifying in sequence a powder in an irradiation portion with laser light, in which the powder includes a plurality of compositions, at least one composition of the compositions is an absorber that relatively strongly absorbs the laser light compared to other compositions, and at least a part of the absorber changes to a different composition that relatively weakly absorbs the laser light by irradiation with the laser light and a using method of a powder in which the powder is used.

An additive manufacturing system including a two-dimensional energy patterning system for imaging a powder bed is disclosed. The two-dimensional energy patterning system may be used to control the rate of cooling experienced by each successive additive layer. Accordingly, the system may be used to heat treat the various additive layers.

Methods and systems for producing feedstock powders, suitable for use in laser-based additive manufacturing, use laser ablation to vaporize a source material, which may be in bulk solid or solid coarse grain form. The source material is vaporized by a laser (or other focused energy source) in a vaporization chamber that is temperature controlled to provide a vertical thermal gradient. The vertical thermal gradient may be controlled to, in turn, control the nucleation, coagulation, and agglomeration of the vaporized molecules, enabling formation of microparticles that may then be used as feedstock powders in laser-based additive manufacturing. The produced feedstock powder particles may be of uniform composition, of uniform shape (e.g., substantially spherical), and of uniform phase or homogeneously-mixed phases.

Methods and apparatuses for additive manufacturing are described. A method for additive manufacturing may include exposing a layer of material on a build surface to one or more projections of laser energy including at least one line laser having a substantially linear shape. The intensity of the line laser may be modulated so as to cause fusion of the layer of material according to a desired pattern as the one or more projections of laser energy are scanned across the build surface.

The invention provides a cross-flow separation element comprising a single-piece rigid porous support (2) having within its volume at least one channel (4.sub.1) for passing a flow of the fluid medium for treatment, which channel presents a flexuous flow volume (V1) defined by sweeping a generator section along a curvilinear path around a reference axis, and in that the reference axis does not intersect said generator section and is contained within the volume of the porous support.

A method of forming a cutting element for an earth-boring tool may include directing at least one energy beam at a surface of a volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material including interstitial material disposed in regions between inter-bonded grains of polycrystalline superabrasive material. The method includes ablating the interstitial material with the at least one energy beam such that at least a portion of the interstitial material is removed from a first region of the volume of polycrystalline superabrasive material without any substantial degradation of the inter-bonded grains of superabrasive material or of bonds thereof in the first region.

Method for additively manufacturing at least one three-dimensional object, comprising assigning a parameter indicative of the time required for irradiating a respective irradiation zone to a plurality of irradiation zones of a respective build material layer, assigning a first energy beam to the irradiation zone whose parameter indicates that the irradiation zone has the longest and second longest time required for irradiating and irradiating these irradiation zones with at least one respective first and second energy beams, wherein after irradiation and consolidating the irradiation zone whose parameter indicates that the irradiation zone has the second longest time required for irradiating and irradiating with the second energy beam is completed, assigning the at least one second energy beam to the irradiation zone whose parameter indicates that the irradiation zone has the third longest time required for irradiating and irradiating this irradiation zone with the at least one second energy beam.