A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

A mortar composition, which includes (i) a treated palm oil fuel ash, wherein the treated palm oil fuel ash is the only binder present, (ii) a fine aggregate, (iii) an alkali activator containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, and (iv) aluminum hydroxide as a strength enhancer. A cured mortar made from the mortar composition is also disclosed with advantageous compressive strength properties.

A low-density, high-strength concrete composition that is lightweight and self-compacting or non-self-compacting, with a low weight-fraction of aggregate to total dry raw materials, and a highly-homogenous distribution of a non-absorptive and closed-cell lightweight aggregate such as glass microspheres or copolymer polymer beads or a combination thereof, and the steps of providing the composition or components. Lightweight concretes formed therefrom have low density, high strength-to-weight ratios, and high R-value. The concrete has strength similar to that ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete but at a lower density, such as an oven-dried density as low as 40 lbs./cu.ft. Such strength-to-density ratios range approximately from above 30 cu.ft/sq.in. to above 110 cu.ft/sq.in., with a 28-day compressive strength ranging from about 3400 to 8000 psi.

A low-density, high-strength concrete composition that is lightweight and self-compacting or non-self-compacting, with a low weight-fraction of aggregate to total dry raw materials, and a highly-homogenous distribution of a non-absorptive and closed-cell lightweight aggregate such as glass microspheres or copolymer polymer beads or a combination thereof, and the steps of providing the composition or components. Lightweight concretes formed therefrom have low density, high strength-to-weight ratios, and high R-value. The concrete has strength similar to that ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete but at a lower density, such as an oven-dried density as low as 40 lbs./cu.ft. Such strength-to-density ratios range approximately from above 30 cu.ft/sq.in. to above 110 cu.ft/sq.in., with a 28-day compressive strength ranging from about 3400 to 8000 psi.

A refractory composition including refractory aggregate, one or more matrix components, and silicate-coated set accelerator particles. The silicate-coated set accelerator particles can include one more of silicate-coated calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate and calcium sulfate. Suitable silicate coatings include sodium silicate, potassium silicate, lithium silicate and mixtures thereof. A method of recovering an aged refractory composition, a settable composition and a method of manufacturing silicate-coated calcium hydroxide particles are also provided.

The invention comprises a concrete form. The form comprises a first concrete forming panel having a first primary surface adapted for forming and contacting plastic concrete and a second primary surface opposite the first primary surface; a layer of insulating material contacting and substantially covering the second primary surface of the first concrete forming panel; and an insulating blanket adjacent the first concrete forming panel. A method of using the concrete form is also disclosed.

A geopolymer cementing fluid with controllable thickening time includes the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of a cementitious material, 10 parts-30 parts of an activator, 0.2 parts-5 parts of a retarder, 0.4 parts-4 parts of an anti-settling agent, and 30 parts-70 parts of water. The geopolymer cementing fluid of the present invention has the advantages of controllable thickening time, excellent compressive strength, good settlement stability, good rheological properties, green and eco-friendly, and the like. The geopolymer cementing fluid can be better suited for the operations of oil and gas well cementing and ensure cementing safety.

The present provides a concrete and mortar mix and composition thereof with poor quality sand such as desert sand, hydraulic binder (cement) and filamentous cellulose, where the desert sand/spherical sand replaces conventional concrete river sands. The present disclosure also relates a filamentous cellulose, such as, cellulose filaments (CF), cellulose nano filaments, cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) as a concrete/mortar and sand adhesion additive with hydraulic binder (cement), and to a method of making the concrete. This method also relates to a method to prevent the sliding of individual sand grains against one another and therefor similarly contributes to the stabilization of the building materials.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of a method of making agricultural waste ash supplementary cementitious materials (AWASCMs), the method includes pretreating agricultural waste with acid, burning the acid pretreated agricultural waste to form agricultural waste ash (AWA), heat treating the AWA, grinding the AWA into an AWA supplemental cementitious material (AWASCM), and mixing the AWASCM with cement, water, and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to create a cement paste. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a composition including sand, coarse aggregate, and cementitious materials. The cementitious materials includes cement, a SCM, and an AWASCM. The AWASCM includes an AWA and AWF.

A synchronous single-liquid grouting slurry, its technology and application for large diameter shield engineering under water-rich, high-pressure and weak soil strata conditions, comprising raw materials: 1050-1200 parts of gold tailing, 420-480 parts of silicate cement clinker, 220-240 parts of fly ash, 45-120 parts of waste clay brick, 65-95 parts of slag, 25-45 parts of limestone tailing, 70-80 parts of steel slag, 30-45 parts of silica fume, 15-22 parts of desulfurized gypsum, and 9-15 parts of quick-setting and early-strength composite additive. The invention controls the d.sub.50, d.sub.85 and d.sub.95 of the material particles as 35-40, 42-48 and 50-55 μm, respectively. Gold tailing with the particle size of 120-600 μm being used as the fine aggregate, their volume fractions are 40-60%. The slurry production technique, comprising crushing-sieving-superfine ball milling-homogenization-particle size classification-variable speed mixing being developed. The shield tail eight-point grouting technique is being developed for filling.